春季浙江两次强飑线特征和极端大风机理对比

Comparison of Characteristics and Extreme Gale Mechanisms of Two Strong Squall Lines in Zhejiang During Spring

  • 摘要: 利用ERA5再分析数据、自动气象站、S波段雷达和X波段相控阵雷达数据分析2024年3月25日和4月2日浙江两次春季强飑线特征和极端大风(简称0325飑线过程和0402飑线过程)机理, 结果表明:0325飑线过程发生在高空槽前和近地面冷锋附近, 锋面抬升导致对流触发;0402飑线过程发生在南支槽前和近地面气旋前侧暖区内, 中低层强暖平流造成的层结不稳定有利于对流发展。0325飑线过程由地面冷锋附近不断触发单体并入北侧风暴而形成, 成熟期有明显弓形结构;0402飑线过程为两条线状对流合并而成, 在地形辐合线作用下发展成熟, 弓形特征不明显。两次飑线过程极端大风均与下击暴流有关, 0325飑线过程的下击暴流由超级单体引发, 单体发展高度高, 存在强斜升气流、后侧入流急流和中气旋, 大风发生前, 中气旋水平收缩、垂直伸展以及转速加快, 风暴质心骤降, 同时冷池与冷锋叠加增大气压梯度, 导致极端大风。0402飑线过程强单体质心较低, 但前侧斜升气流和后侧入流急流仍形成辐合速度对, 速度对拉伸和质心接地表明局地下击暴流的发生, 降水粒子拖曳以及地形狭管效应进一步加速地面风。

     

    Abstract: Two significant squall line events occurred in Zhejiang from afternoon until nightfall on 25 March and 2 April in 2024. In order to deepen the understanding of characteristics of the spring squall line and the mechanism of extreme wind, two processes are analyzed based on ERA5 reanalysis data, observations of automatic weather stations, S-band radar and X-band phased array radar. Main conclusions are as follows. 0325 squall line occurs in front of the upper trough and near the surface cold front. The mesoscale circulation generates near the front triggers the convection. 0402 squall line occurs in advance of the upper south trough and within the warm region near the surface. The strong warm advection and deep convective instability stratification in the middle to lower layers are important mechanisms for development. 0325 squall line initially appears as a small bow echo. The southward movement of the cold front leads to the formation of strong storm cells near the front line and the merging with the severe storm, making the size of the storm rapidly grow into a squall line, with an obvious bow structure. 0402 squall line is formed by the convergence of two linear convective lines. It develops and matures under the action of the topographic convergence line, without obvious bow structure. The strong cell causing extreme wind and hail during 0325 squall line is a supercell, which is mainly characterized by high development height of the storm, strong oblique updraft, backward inflow jet and mesocyclone, ZDR arc and KDP foot. On the eve of extreme wind, the horizontal scale contraction with vertical scale extension of the meso-cyclone and sudden drop of the storm's center of mass indicate a strong downburst flow in the storm, and the horizontal pressure gradient increases due to the superimposed effect of the cold pool and the background field cold front, which result in extreme wind. In 0402 squall line, the development height of the strong storm cell causing extreme wind is relatively low, but the oblique updraft and the rear inflow jet still form a mid-level convergence velocity pair (mid-level radial convergence), and there are also ZDR arcs and KDP feet at the lower level. Prior to the occurrence of extreme winds, characteristics of downbursts, such as the stretching of velocity pairs and the decrease in the storm center, are also observed. Effects of precipitation drag and the narrow pipe phenomenon also contribute to the further intensification of surface winds.

     

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