基于广义Gamma模型的完整雨滴谱分布拟合方法

A Method for Fitting Full Raindrop Size Distribution Based on Generalized Gamma Model

  • 摘要: 基于2021年4月4日、9月13日、9月29日西藏墨脱和2022年5月10日、6月9日、6月10日广东龙门的微雨雷达与降水现象仪联合观测数据,构建完整雨滴谱分布。利用广义Gamma模型拟合完整雨滴谱分布,并与标准Gamma模型拟合结果进行对比。结果表明:完整雨滴谱数据计算的降水率更接近地面雨量计观测的降水率,相关性更高、偏差更小;采用雨滴谱分布的双矩(第3矩和第6矩)归一化,可以实现包含两个形状参数(μc)的广义Gamma模型拟合,且拟合的完整雨滴谱分布与观测更接近,可以同时描述毛毛雨模式、降水模式以及两者间的区域。定量对比结果显示,广义Gamma模型拟合比标准Gamma模型拟合的偏差更小、模型效率系数更高;墨脱和龙门不同微物理过程降水(直径影响型和数量影响型)的双矩归一化雨滴谱形状一致性很好,特别是在归一化直径范围的中心部分,这种相对稳定性对于应用广义Gamma模型从双偏振天气雷达数据反演雨滴谱分布具有重要的应用价值。

     

    Abstract: The raindrop size distribution (RSD) plays a crucial role in study of microphysical processes related to precipitation. Discrepancies in the derived microphysical characteristics of precipitation arise when different models are adopted to fit RSD, thereby affecting accuracy of precipitation microphysical studies. Consequently, a comprehensive examination of RSD fitting models is warranted. Due to limitations of the instrument, the disdrometer is prone to underestimating small raindrops and medium-size raindrops.The full RSD is constructed through the combination and observations from micro rain radar and disdrometer at Mêdog (4 April, 13 September and 29 September in 2021) and Longmen (10 May, 9 June and 10 June in 2022). Generalized Gamma model is implemented to characterize full RSD, with comparative analyses being conducted against the standard Gamma model. Results indicate that rain rates calculated from full RSD are better agreement with the ground rain gauge measurements, exhibiting higher correlation coefficients and smaller biases. Based on full RSD data of different rainfall intensities obtained from different regions, double-moment normalization is adopted by choosing the 3rd and the 6th moments to achieve the fitting of generalized Gamma model with two shape parameters(μ and c). The raindrop number concentration N(D), generalized diameter parameter D'm and rain rate obtained are shown to be closer to observations than those fitted by standard Gamma model, and it can be used to describe the drizzle pattern, the precipitation pattern, and the region between them simultaneously. Judging from results of quantitative comparison, it shows that the fitting of generalized Gamma model demonstrates a smaller bias and a higher model efficiency coefficient compared to standard Gamma model. Based on the raindrop size distribution of precipitation influenced by various microphysical processes (diameter-controlled type and quantity-controlled type) at Mêdog and Longmen, the fundamantal shape h(x) of the raindrop size distribution is derived through double-moment normalization. Even for raindrop size distributions that exhibit significant microphysical differences, the function h(x) continues to demonstrate remarkable stability. Especially in the central part of the normalized diameter range, this relative stability is demonstrated to have important practical application value for the retrieval of raindrop size distribution from dual-polarization weather radar data by applying the generalized Gamma model.

     

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