Abstract: The design principal and structure features of a new type dual-channel ground-based microwave radiometer for measurement of water vapor and liquid water in the troposphere are discussed. A method independent of radiosonde data is employed for the absolute system calibration. A statistical method for retrieving the total water vapor and cloud liquid water content and a nonlinear iterative algorithm for retrieving the water vapor profiles in the troposphere are discussed. Some experimental results of the Operational Experiment on Mesoscale Meteorology conducted in the summer of 1989 are presented, and the profiles have been compared with the radiosonde data. The results are satisfied