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双多普勒雷达风场反演误差和资料的质量控制
Error Estimation in Wind Fields Derived from Dual-Doppler Radar and Data Quality Control
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摘要: 提出了用双多普勒雷达观测资料进行回波强度、径向速度和方位定位的质量控制方法，以及利用概率分布法订正配对的双多普勒雷达回波强度的方法。以2001年973“中国暴雨”外场试验期间获取的双多普勒雷达观测资料为例，比较了合肥、马鞍山和宜昌、荆州的两对双多普勒雷达同步观测的回波强度、径向速度和方位的改变对观测数据对比的影响；分析了这两对双多普勒雷达径向速度测量误差引起的风场反演的误差。结果表明:两对双多普勒雷达观测的回波强度和径向速度的空间位置和变化趋势比较一致，合肥与马鞍山雷达的回波强度有一定差异，径向速度也有1～2 m/s的差异。风场反演的误差与风场的方向、大小、空间位置等有关。在两个径向速度夹角在40°～140°范围内，共面上的风场的反演误差在1～2倍的雷达探测径向速度的误差范围内。Abstract: The method for quality control of dual-Doppler radar reflectivity, radial velocity and azimuthal location is introduced. The reflectivity correction approach with probability distribution method is presented. The two dual-Doppler radar systems in Hefei and Ma’anshan, Anhui Province, Yichang and Jiangzhou, Hubei Province, were used to observe the wind structure of the precipitation systems in the China Heavy Rainfall Experiment and Study in 2001. The reflectivities and radial velocities from the dual-Doppler radar are compared and the effect of azimuth location on dual-Doppler radar data is analyzed. The errors of wind derived from the two Doppler radar systems are estimated. The results show that the patterns of reflectivity and radial velocity measured by the Doppler radar systems are similar; but the values of reflectivity measured at Hefei and Ma’anshan are obviously different; the deviation of velocity measured by the two radars is 1-2 m/s. The error of wind derived from dual-Doppler radar is relative to wind direction, speed and position. The error is within 2 times of the measurement error of radial velocity in the area where the angle between the two radial velocities is in 40o-140 o. These results are valuable for the use of the dual-Doppler radar data and the observation by dual-Doppler radar.
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Key words:
- Dual Doppler radar;
- Error analysis;
- Quality control
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图 7 2001年6月18日13:00合肥雷达、马鞍山雷达观测的回波强度 (Z) l km×1 km格点在方位旋转前（a) 和旋转后（b) 一对一的对比和不同回波强度的概率（P）分布图 (c)(Z1为合肥雷达观测的回波强度，Z2为马鞍山雷达观测的回波强度）
图 8 2001年7月13日19:04合肥雷达、马鞍山雷达观测的回波强度l km×1 km格点在方位旋转前（a) 和旋转后（b) 一对一的对比和不同回波强度的概率分布图 (c)(Z1为合肥雷达观测的回波强度，Z2为马鞍山雷达观测的回波强度）
图 9 2001年6月17日22:57宜昌、荆州雷达观测的回波强度l km×1 km格点在方位旋转前（a) 和旋转后（b) 的对比及不同回波强度的概率分布图 (c)(Z1为宜昌雷达观测的回波强度，Z2为荆州雷达观测的回波强度）
图 10 2001年6月18日13:00 (a) 和7月14日03:22 (b) 合肥、马鞍山雷达连线上方2 km等高线上的径向速度的对比 (其中将马鞍山的径向速度改变了符号以方便比较)
表 1 多普勒雷达系统主要参数
表 2 马鞍山、荆州雷达不同旋转角度时配对雷达1 km×1 km格点上回波的标准差和相关系数
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[1] Larry A. A theory for the determination of wind and precipitation velocity with Doppler radars. J. Atmospheric Science, 1969, 26: 570～573. [2] Lhermitte R M. Dual Doppler radar observation of convective storm circulation. Preprints of 14th Radar Meteorology Conference, Tucson, American Meteor. Society, 1970. 139～144. [3] Ray P S, Ziegler C L, Bumgarner W. Single-and multiple-Doppler radar observations of tornadic storms. Monthly Weather Review, 1980, 108: 1607～1625. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1607:SAMDRO>2.0.CO;2 [4] Mewes J J, Shapiro A. Dual-Doppler analysis using the anelastic vertical vorticity equation. 29th International Conference on Radar Meteorology, 1999. 33～36. [5] 张沛源,何平,宋春梅,等.三部多普勒天气雷达联合测量大气风场的误差分布及最佳布局研究.气象学报,1998,56:94～103. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXB801.008.htm [6] Doviak R J, Ray P S. Error estimation in wind fields derived from dual-Doppler radar measurement. J. Applied. Meteor., 1976, 15: 868～878. -
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