Abstract: The Antarctic and the Arctic are not only the sensitive areas to global climate changes, but also key areas focused by many international scientific projects. The polar atmospheric scientific expedition and investigation are important branches of the polar scientific research. The project, launched by Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), starting in the 1980s, has made great progress during the past 25 years. CAMS joins totally 23 times Antarctic, as well as 2 times Arctic Ocean, and 3 times Arctic station expeditions. All of these expeditions are organized by China government. CAMS has provided supports for meteorological observations in China Antarctic Great Wall Station, China Antarctic Zhongshan station, and China Arctic Huanghe Station, as well as building for three automatic weather stations on the Antarctic ice sheet belonging to a China-Australia cooperation project. A series of measurements and observations, including meteorological elements, atmospheric ozone, surface layer physics, snow and ice, atmospheric chemistry observations etc, have been accomplished by CAMS, obtaining a batch of fairly systematic original data on polar atmosphere and environment. CAMS investigates the polar atmospheric science and global changes, and makes great progress in the following fields: "the polar weather and climate characters and the spatial-temporal variety of climate change", "the polar sea-ice variation and Antarctic oscillation", "the polar surface layer characters and sea-ice-air interactions", "ozone variability of China Antarctic Zhongshan station, Antarctic ozone hole and atmospheric chemistry", "data retrieval of climate proxies and paleo-climate and environment", and "the effects of the polar atmospheric environment variation on East Asian circulation, China weather and climate". In the Antarctic and the Arctic, CAMS is strengthening the cooperation with international institutions, continuing to monitor the meteorological elements, improving the service standard of the polar meteorology, expanding the studying fields of the polar meteorological services and atmospheric scientific research, promoting data retrieval of climatic proxies, quantifying and understanding the role of polar regions in global changes and its influences on China weather and climate, and the domestic economic sustainability. To set up and complete the polar atmospheric scientific research system, and improve the study level is essential for the polar atmospheric scientific research and global changes in CAMS.