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珠江三角洲秋季大气边界层温度和风廓线观测研究
Observation Study on the Temperature and Wind Profiles over the Pearl River Delta in Autumn
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摘要: 根据2004年10月珠江三角洲3个代表性观测点大气边界层观测资料, 分析了珠江三角洲秋季大气边界层温度和风廓线特征。结果表明:珠江三角洲秋季气温递减率较低, 逆温出现频率较高, 强度较弱, 海风使珠江口贴地逆温的出现时间推迟、低空逆温的出现频率增加。珠江三角洲秋季受多种局地环流影响, 边界层内风廓线比较复杂, 晚上城市群与非城市群地区风向有明显差别; 城市群和珠江口多次分别观测到城市热岛环流和海风环流。Abstract: For the purpose of study on the characteristics of the boundary layer and its effects on air pollution in the Pearl River Delta, the comparison observation based on balloon sounding is conducted by Sun Yat-Sen University in Qingyuan, Panyu and Xinken of the Pearl River Delta in October, 2004. The temperature and wind profiles of the boundary layer over the Pearl River Delta in autumn are studied on the observation data.It is found that the temperature lapse rate is small while the occurrence frequency of the temperature inversion is high and the intensity is low over the Pearl River Delta in October, 2004. The surface temperature inversion occurs earlier over the city cluster than over the Pearl River estuary and the average intensity over the city cluster doubles that over the Pearl River estuary while the low-lever temperature inversion frequency over the city cluster is lower than that over the Pearl River estuary. The relatively low temperature and the high-speed sea breeze postpone the occurrence time of the surface temperature inversion and increase the occurrence frequency of the low-lever temperature inversion over the Pearl River estuary.It is also found that the Pearl River Delta is influenced by several kinds of local circulations and the wind profiles of the boundary layer are complex in October, 2004. The prevailing wind direction is northeast, and in the daytime the wind directions of the three sites are consistently in the northeast while in the nighttime there are obvious differences in wind direction between the city cluster and the non-city cluster, which is that the wind direction of the non-city cluster (Qinyuan and Xinken) is in the northeast and that of the city cluster is in the northwest. The city cluster is markedly characterized by local circulations and heat island circulation is frequently observed at night; the Pearl River estuary is markedly characterized by gradient wind and sea breeze circulation is frequently observed at night, and the occurrence frequency of 20-hour sea breeze is 51.8%; the local circulations of both the city cluster and the Pearl River estuary are observed under the same meteorological background of low-speed system wind and basically on the same dates.
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Key words:
- temperature profiles;
- wind profiles;
- the Pearl River Delta;
- autumn
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图 1 2004年10月珠江三角洲大气边界层观测布点示意图
Fig. 1 Stations for atmospheric boundary layer observation in the Pearl River Delta in October, 2004
图 2 2004年10月天气概况, 清远、番禺和新垦地面日平均风速 (a) 和广州API (b) 的月变化
Fig. 2 General weather situation and monthly variation of average surface wind speed in Qing yuan, Panyu and Xinken (a) and API of Guangzhou (b) in October, 2004
图 3 珠江三角洲2004年10月平均温度廓线
Fig. 3 Average temperature profile in the Pearl River Delta in October, 2004
图 4 海风影响下2004年10月16日17:00—23:00珠江口典型温度 (a) 和风廓线 (b)
Fig. 4 Typical temperature (a) and wind profiles (b) of the Pearl River estuary effected by sea breeze at 17:00—23:00 on October 16, 2004
图 5 珠江三角洲2004年10月平均风速廓线
Fig. 5 Average wind speed profile of the Pearl River Delta in October, 2004
图 6 番禺和新垦2004年10月不同高度 (a) 和不同时刻 (b) 风向玫瑰图 (图例为10%)
Fig. 6 Wind rose of different heights (a) and different moments (b) in Panyu and Xinken in October 2004 (cut line:10%)
图 7 2004年10月15日系统风较小时边界层典型风廓线
(a) 风速廓线, (b) 风向廓线
Fig. 7 Typical boundary layer wind profile of low-speed background wind
(a) wind speed profile on October 15, 2004, (b) wind direction profile on October 15, 2004
图 8 2004年10月26日系统风较大时边界层典型风廓线
(a) 风速廓线, (b) 风向廓线
Fig. 8 Typical boundary layer wind profile of high-speed background wind
(a) wind speed profile on October 26, 2004, (b) wind direction profile on October 26, 2004
表 1 番禺和新垦2004年10月贴地逆温特征
Table 1 Characteristics of surface inversion in Panyu and Xinken in October, 2004
表 2 番禺和新垦2004年10月低空逆温特征
Table 2 Characteristics of low-level inversion in Panyu and Xinken in October, 2004
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