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一次多回击自然闪电的高速摄像观测

李俊 张义军 吕伟涛 董万胜 陈绍东 李斌

李俊, 张义军, 吕伟涛, 等. 一次多回击自然闪电的高速摄像观测. 应用气象学报, 2008, 19(4): 401-411..
引用本文: 李俊, 张义军, 吕伟涛, 等. 一次多回击自然闪电的高速摄像观测. 应用气象学报, 2008, 19(4): 401-411.
Li Jun, Zhang Yijun, Lǜ Weitao, et al. Observation of a natural cloud-to-ground lightning with multiple return strokes. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2008, 19(4): 401-411.
Citation: Li Jun, Zhang Yijun, Lǜ Weitao, et al. Observation of a natural cloud-to-ground lightning with multiple return strokes. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2008, 19(4): 401-411.

一次多回击自然闪电的高速摄像观测

资助项目: 

国家科技部基础平台项目 2004DEA71070

公益性行业科研专项 GYHY2007622

Observation of a Natural Cloud-to-ground Lightning with Multiple Return Strokes

  • 摘要: 2006年8月1日在广东省从化市利用成像率为5000幅/s的高速摄像系统观测得到了一次包含有13个回击过程的自然负地闪, 其梯级先导的传播速度为106 m/s的量级; 一次企图先导的传播速度随高度的降低而减小; 一次直窜先导的传播速度随高度的降低而增加。有3次继后回击相对积分亮度的峰值大于首次回击相对积分亮度的峰值。研究发现:此次自然闪电的继后回击及紧跟其后的连续电流过程的发光总量与该次继后回击之前闪电通道的截止时间有关, 较大的发光总量对应于较长的截止时间, 较小的发光总量对应于较短的截止时间, 但两者没有固定的比例关系。
  • 图  1  闪电通道相对积分亮度随时间变化

    Fig. 1  Relative integrated luminosity of the CG lightning channel versus time

    图  2  -1.0~0.0 ms的高速摄像照片

    (a)-1.0 ms, (b)-0.8 ms, (c)-0.6 ms, (d)-0.4 ms, (e)-0.2 ms, (f)0.0 ms

    Fig. 2  Frame sequence of first leader/return stroke from-1.0 ms to 0.0 ms

    (a)-1.0 ms, (b)-0.8 ms, (c)-0.6 ms, (d)-0.4 ms, (e)-0.2 ms, (f)0.0 ms

    图  3  经处理的184.6~186.2 ms高速摄像照片

    (a)184.6 ms, (b)184.8 ms, (c)185.0 ms, (d)185.2 ms, (e)185.4 ms, (f)185.6 ms, (g)185.8 ms, (h)186.0 ms, (i)186.2 ms

    Fig. 3  Frame sequence processed from 184.6 ms to 186.2 ms

    (a)184.6 ms, (b)184.8 ms, (c)185.0 ms, (d)185.2 ms, (e)185.4 ms, (f)185.6 ms, (g)185.8 ms, (h)186.0 ms, (i)186.2 ms

    图  4  第4次回击前企图先导速度随高度变化

    Fig. 4  Variation of speed of the attempted leader before the 4th RS with height

    图  5  802.4~804.6 ms的高速摄像照片 (其中图b~f经过了亮化处理)

    (a)802.4 ms, (b)802.6 ms, (c)802.8 ms, (d)803.0 ms, (e)803.2 ms, (f)803.4 ms, (g)803.6 ms, (h)803.8 ms, (i)804.0 ms, (j)804.2 ms, (k)804.4 ms, (l)804.6 ms

    Fig. 5  Frame sequence from 802.4 ms to 804.6 ms (Fig. b-f have been enhanced in luminosity)

    (a)802.4 ms, (b)802.6 ms, (c)802.8 ms, (d)803.0 ms, (e)803.2 ms, (f)803.4 ms, (g)803.6 ms, (h)803.8 ms, (i)804.0 ms, (j)804.2 ms, (k)804.4 ms, (l)804.6 ms

    图  6  第13次回击前先导速度随高度变化

    Fig. 6  Variation of speed of the dart-stepped leader before the 13th RS with height

    图  7  回击前截止时间和回击及其后连续电流过程发光总量变化

    Fig. 7  Variations of cut-off time and total luminosity with the order of return stroke

    图  8  第9次 (a) 和第10次 (b) 回击后长连续电流过程的亮度变化波形

    Fig. 8  Waveshapes of long continuing current with M-components following the 9th (a) and the 10th (b) return stroke

    表  1  2006年8月1日地闪的一些物理特征

    Table  1  List of some physical parameters of the CG lightning on August 1, 2006

    表  2  此次自然闪电出现的17个M分量持续时间 (单位: ms)

    Table  2  Characteristics of M-components involved in the lightning (unit:ms)

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2007-07-23
  • 修回日期:  2008-04-03
  • 刊出日期:  2008-08-31

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