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上甸子秋冬季雾霾期间气溶胶光学特性
Characteristics of Aerosol Optical Properties During Haze and Fog Episodes at Shangdianzi in Northern China
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摘要: 通过对2004年秋冬季(9-12月)4次雾霾天气过程在京、津背景地区--北京上甸子大气本底污染监测站观测的大气气溶胶光学特性的分析，发现该地区气溶胶光学特性受天气过程的影响很大。4次雾霾影响时段，平均气溶胶散射系数σsca、吸收系数σabs和单次散射反照率ω都远高于雾霾过后清洁时段的数值，其中气溶胶ω在雾霾影响时段为0.94~0.97，雾霾后为0.84~0.86，平均减小了0.1左右，表明雾霾天气有利于气溶胶的累积和生成。相比于光吸收性气溶胶，雾霾天气对光散射性气溶胶的增加更为有利，反映了二次气溶胶的产生及其对消光的贡献可能有较大增加。
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关键词:
- 雾霾过程;
- 气溶胶散射、吸收特性;
- 单次散射反照率
Abstract: The Northern China is one of the regions with the high incidence of fog and haze. With the rapid development of economy in the recent years, the anthropogenic pollutants, such as aerosol and its precursors have brought about serious visibility degradations in the regions. In the fall of 2004, several heavy fog and haze episodes with visibility less than 1 km are observed at Shangdianzi (SDZ) Atmospheric Background Station. During the fog and haze periods, aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients are measured simultaneously at the Station with Nephelometer (M9003, ECOTECH) and 7 band Aethalometer (AE31, Magee Scientific). The results of aerosol optical properties indicate that aerosols over the region are strongly influenced by weather conditions. Under the influence of fog and haze, aerosols at the Station show higher values of scattering and absorption coefficient and higher aerosol single scattering albedo (ω), while relatively lower aerosol scattering coefficient, absorption coefficient and ω are observed after the haze and fog episodes. For the 4 fog/haze episodes, the aerosol single scattering albedo decreases by about 0.1, with the value of 0.94-0.97 during the fog/haze influencing periods and the lower value of 0.84-0.86 during the cleaner periods after the fog/haze process. Through a detailed analysis of the time series of the surface aerosol optical properties for a heavy fog and haze case, combined with the column AOD and weather condition changes, the evolution of aerosol optical properties are discussed. It is found that the fog and haze event takes on significant regional effects, air masses from polluted directions leads to higher ω, higher scattering and absorption coefficients of aerosols. This result suggests that the haze and fog weather conditions favor the accumulation of aerosol pollutants, especially favor the production of the light scattering aerosols, which reflect that the formation of secondary aerosols and their contribution to the light extinctions might be more significant during the haze and fog influencing periods. -
图 1 上甸子大气本底污染监测站地理位置及周边主要城市分布图
Fig. 1 The location of the Shangdianzi Station and the major cities surrounding the site
图 2 2004年10月NODIS卫星反演的上甸子站及周边地区AOD分布 (图中红色三角表示上甸子站位置)
Fig. 2 The MODIS retrieved AOD over Shangdianzi Station and the surrounding regions in October 2004 (the red triangle represents the site location)
图 3 2004年10月1—11日观测期间地面10m风矢量 (a)，相对湿度 (b)，温度 (c)，单次散射反照率ω(d)，散射系数 (e)，吸收系数 (f)
Fig. 3 Time series of surface wind vectors at 10 meters (a), relative humidity (b), temperature (c)，aerosol single scattering albedo ω(d) , aerosol scattering coefficients (e), aerosol absorption coefficients(f) during 1—11 October 2004
图 4 2004年10月1—10日08:00925hPa天气图
Fig. 4 The weather charts of 925 hPa at 08: 00 during 1—10 October 2004
表 1 2004年9—12月4次雾霾过程定时观测的能见度 (目测)、最低能见度和最大相对湿度
Table 1 The routine observations of visibility, minimum visibility and relative humidity during the four fog/haze events from September to December in 2004
表 2 2004年9—12月4次雾霾影响时段及清洁时段平均气溶胶光学特性
Table 2 The average aerosol optical properties observed in the periods during and after the influence of fog/haze from September to December in 2004
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