Abstract: The evolution characteristics and interaction between mid latitude and low latitude synoptic systems during "05.6" heavy rainfall process in South China is studied in detail. The monsoon activity in South China Sea, basic characteristics of sub tropical high in west Pacific, the influence of the cold air in middle latitude, and the coupling mechanism between upper level and low level jet are analyzed based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data with the resolution of 1°×1° and a series of observation data. FY 2C satellite data, including the brightness blackbody temperature on cloud top (TBB) data with the resolution of 0.05°×0.05° and outgoing long wave radiation (OLR) observation with the resolution of 0.5°×0.5°, surface observation for 3 hour interval, and auto weather station observation for 1 hour interval are used for model initialization and verification. The results are as follows: Under the stable background of high pressure in the north and low in the south, the "05.6" heavy rainfall is produced by the interaction between monsoon system from low latitude and mid latitude cold air driven by east coast trough and plateau short wave. During the "05.6" heavy rainfall, the sub tropical monsoon in South China Sea blocks the cross equatorial flow path and leads to the abnormal equator west wind in area of 100°-120°E. It moves northward massively for 2 times, indicating the beginning and end of this rainfall process. The strength of sub tropical high maintains very strong and the position of high ridge changes in an abnormal pattern of west advancing east retreating west stretching and north advancing during the prophase stable north jump finally. The south invading of 700 hPa cold air in westerly belt in the beginning of the process has important impacts on this event, which may be the most important feature in this process. During the "05.6", there is a ULJ (upper level jet) on left front of South China and a LLJ (low level jet) on the right. Strong aloft divergence of ULJ and the ageostrophic force in the left of LLJ forms the secondary circulation across LLJ, so the positive feedback of coupling mechanism between ULJ and LLJ may be one of the prime causes for the "05.6" heavy rain event.