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平流层火山气溶胶时空传播规律及其气候效应
The Space-time Propagation Patterns of the Stratospheric Volcanic Aerosols and the Preliminary Analysis of Their Climate Effect
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摘要: 根据平流层火山气溶胶传播规律研究，该文构建了反映火山喷发强度、平流层火山气溶胶相对浓度、火山气溶胶扩散速率和反映火山爆发地理位置并且按e指数规律衰减的火山活动指数 (VEI) 时空分布函数，进一步建立了北半球中高纬度、南北半球低纬度和南半球中高纬度3个1945—2008年逐月火山活动指数时间序列。根据3个逐月火山活动指数时间序列分别分析了北半球中高纬度、南北半球低纬度和南半球中高纬度火山活动对于相应纬度带地面气温的影响。研究表明:无论南北半球还是热带，火山活动强时地面气温下降，火山活动弱时地面气温上升，并且地面气温对于火山活动的响应明显滞后。Abstract: Based on the research of the propagation patterns of the stratospheric volcanic aerosols, the space time distribution function of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) with the exponential decay is constructed which can reflect the volcano eruption intensity, the relative concentration, the propagation rate of the stratospheric volcanic aerosols and the volcano eruption location. Furthermore, time series of the volcanic activity indexes (1945—2008) every 3 months at middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, the low latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemisphere and the middle and high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere are built up. Based on the time series of volcanic activity indexes, the influences of the volcano activity on the surface temperature at middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, at low latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemisphere and at middle and high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, are analyzed separately. The results indicate that either at the Northern and Southern hemisphere or at the tropical zone the ground layer air temperature decreases when the volcanic activity is strong, while it increases when the volcanic activity is weak. At the same time, the variations of the ground layer air temperature lag behind those of the volcanic activity.
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Key words:
- volcanic activity;
- climate effects;
- VEI;
- time series;
- volcanic aerosols
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图 1 1974—1987年4级以上火山活动 (立柱) 与南半球30° 50°S地面气温 (细线) 和北半球30° 50°N地面气温 (粗线) 变化
Fig. 1 The volcanic activities above grade 4 of 1974—1987 (column), the ground surface temperaturein 30°—50°S (thin line) and the ground surface temperature in 30°—50°N (thick line)
图 2 火山气溶胶和火山尘幕扩散规律
Fig. 2 The diffusing rules of volcanic aerosols and volcanic dust curtain
表 1 1955—1958年北半球中高纬度VEI时间序列与北半球中纬度地面气温距平Δt
Table 1 The VEI time series in Northern Hemisphere in middle and high latitudes of 1955—1958 and the ground surface temperature anomaly in the middle latitudes of Northern Hemisphere
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