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Size Resolved Aerosol OC, EC at a Regional Background Station in the Suburb of Beijing
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摘要: 利用北京上甸子区域大气本底站2004年观测的分粒径大气气溶胶资料，分析了气溶胶中有机碳 (OC) 及元素碳 (EC) 的质量浓度水平、季节变化、尺度分布特征、OC与EC比值及其相关性。结果显示：上甸子站总悬浮颗粒物 (TSP) 中OC平均质量浓度为7.5~31.5 μg·m-3，EC质量浓度为1.4~6.6 μg·m-3；PM2.1(粒径小于2.1 μm) 中OC质量浓度为4.0~19.1 μg·m-3，EC质量浓度大约为0.8~4.3 μg·m-3。冬季OC及EC质量浓度明显高于其他季节，其中冬、夏、秋季OC及EC峰值粒径出现为0.65~2.1 μm，但在春季峰值粒径移至2.1~4.7 μm。观测期间，OC与EC质量浓度比值平均为4~6，该比值略高于文献报道的我国一些城市地区的观测结果。Abstract: Carbonaceous aerosols constitute major component of atmospheric aerosols. In Feburay, May, July and September of 2004, size resolved aerosol sampling measurements are conducted respectively at Shangdianzi Regional Atmospheric Background Monitoring Station which is in the suburb of Beijing, to represent the four seasons of the year. OC, EC are analyzed in the lab with Sunset OC/EC Analyzer (NIOSH TOT method, Sunset Lab, USA). The seasonal variations and size distributions of OC and EC composition are characterized, and correlations between OC and EC are discussed as well. The analysis shows that the mean concentration of OC for TSP (Total Suspend Particles) at Shangdianzi Station in the four seasons ranges from 7.5 μg·m-3 to 31.5 μg·m-3, and EC ranges from 1.4 μg·m-3 to 6.6 μg·m-3. As to PM2.1 (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.1 μm), the mean concentrations are from about 4.0 μg·m-3 to 19.1 μg·m-3 for OC, and from about 0.8 μg·m-3 to 4.3 μg·m-3 for EC. The significant seasonal variations of mean OC, EC at Shangdianzi are found with the highest OC and EC concentration appearing in winter and lowest in summer. The size distributions of OC and EC at the Shangdianzi Station shows obvious seasonal differences, with OC and EC peak size at 0.65—2.1 μm during the winter, summer and fall time, and shifts to 2.1—4.7 μm during the spring time. In summer and fall, the OC and EC are mostly concentrated in the fine particles (with particle size less than 2.1 μm). In spring, the size distributions of OC and EC are quite different, where there is a significant enhancement OC, EC mass contents in the coarse particles, which is related to the collision of carbonaceous aerosols with dust particles rich in the spring atmosphere. The mass of organic matter ([OM]=1.4[OE]) in PM2.1 accounts for about 43%—80% of the total mass of OM, and EC in PM2.1 accounts for 54%—70% of total EC. The average ratio of OC and EC for the whole period of sampling is about 4.0—6.0, which is similar with the reported values obtained at many urban sites of China, when considering the difference between the OC, EC laboratory analysis methods. The square correlation coefficients (R2) between OC and EC in winter, spring and fall are 0.84, 0.81, and 0.73 respectively. However, the correlation coefficient is lowest in summer, with R2 about 0.49. This seasonal pattern of correlations indicates the complications for sources and production or removal processes of the carbonaceous aerosols in summer time in that region.
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Key words:
- aerosol;
- organic carbon (OC);
- elemental carbon (EC);
- size distributions
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图 1 上甸子站及周边主要城市分布图
Fig. 1 Map of Shangdianzi Station and the major cities in the region
图 2 2004年颗粒物以及OC, EC质量浓度在不同季节的尺度分布
Fig. 2 Size distributions of aerosol mass concentrations with OC and EC in different seasons in 2004
图 3 2004年OC及EC质量浓度在不同季节的谱分布
Fig. 3 The size spectra of OC and EC mass concentrations in different seasons in 2004
图 4 2004年PM2.1中OC与EC质量浓度比值 (r) 及相关系数的季节变化
Fig. 4 The ratios (r) of OC to EC mass concentrations with their correlations in different seasons in 2004
表 1 上甸子站不同季节气溶胶TSP，PM11，PM2.1中OC，EC质量浓度和OC与EC的比值以及OC和OM占气溶胶质量浓度的百分比
Table 1 Mass concentrations and ratios of OC and EC, and percentages of OC and OM in their respective total mass for TSP, PM11, and PM2.1 in different seasons at Shangdianzi Station
气溶胶粒子 采样日期 平均值 (标准差)/(μg·m-3) OC平均值 (标准差)/(μg·m-3) EC平均值 (标准差)/(μg·m-3) TC平均值 (标准差)/(μg·m-3) OC质量百分比/% OM质量百分比/% TSP 2004-02 155.96(105.75) 31.52(20.85) 6.64(5.53) 38.17(26.27) 20.2 28.3 2004-05 110.44(54.38) 9.50(3.35) 1.44(0.82) 10.95(4.13) 8.6 12.0 2004-07 91.42(55.58) 7.56(3.43) 1.90(1.09) 9.47(4.26) 8.3 11.6 2004-09 143.57(68.29) 20.51(11.25) 3.92(1.46) 24.43(12.51) 14.3 20.0 PM11 2004-02 135.15(98.04) 26.87(18.71) 5.93(5.29) 32.80(23.83) 19.9 27.8 2004-05 85.38(48.25) 7.05(2.55) 1.28(0.78) 8.33(3.29) 8.3 11.6 2004-07 85.10(53.68) 6.77(3.04) 1.66(0.87) 8.43(3.71) 8.0 11.1 2004-09 133.95(66.31) 19.36(11.04) 3.54(1.37) 22.90(12.22) 14.5 20.2 PM2.1 2004-02 76.86(65.59) 19.11(14.45) 4.33(3.81) 23.44(18.17) 24.9 34.8 2004-05 33.40(20.92) 4.09(1.60) 0.78(0.43) 4.88(2.00) 12.3 17.2 2004-07 66.01(44.46) 5.07(2.66) 1.26(0.66) 6.33(3.16) 7.7 10.8 2004-09 92.77(51.25) 16.37(10.36) 2.74(1.12) 19.11(11.27) 17.6 24.7 
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表 2 上甸子站PM2.1中OC, EC相关统计及与我国其他地区测量结果的比较 (其他地区为PM2.5)
Table 2 The correlations between OC and EC for PM2.1 at Shangdianzi Station and the comparisons with the results (for PM2.5) observed in other regions of China
地点 时间 R2 比值 分析方法 文献来源 广州新垦 2002-04 0.57 7.38 NIOSH TOT 刘新民等[41] 2002-11 0.83 5.08 广州 2002-04 0.81 5.46 2002-11 0.95 8.69 北京 1999-07—2000-06 2.72 IMPROVE TOR Yang等[18] 上海 1999-03—2000-03 2.39 北京 2003-01 0.94 1.87 R & P 5400 Yu等[19] 2003-08 0.81 2.39 北京 2004年冬季 0.82 4.36 NIOSH TOT 郇宁等[40] 珠江三角洲 2002年冬季 0.82 2.5 IMPROVE TOR Cao等[17, 30] 2002年夏季 0.63 2.5 太原 2005-12—2006-02 7.0 NIOSH TOT 孟昭阳等[23] 北京上甸子 2004-02 0.94 4.4 NIOSH TOT 本研究 2004-05 0.81 5.2 2004-07 0.49 4.0 2004-09 0.63 6.0
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