20世纪90年代初东亚夏季风的年代际转型

Inter-decadal Shift of East Asian Summer Monsoon in the Early 1990s

  • 摘要: 利用1979—2009年JRA-25和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,通过复矢量经验正交方法揭示了东亚地区夏季850 hPa风场变率的优势模态。结果表明:两套再分析资料所揭示的东亚夏季风在20世纪90年代初均发生了年代际转型,与我国夏季降水的年代际转型时间一致。伴随着东亚夏季风的年代际转型,我国北方大部分地区夏季降水减少,尤其是我国东北北部和长江、黄河之间105°E附近区域显著减少,而华南地区和淮河流域降水显著增加。从动力上解释我国夏季降水年代际转型特征,夏季500 hPa高度场两个时段 (1993—2009年和1979—1992年) 的差值分布显示为欧亚大陆北部准纬向遥相关波列,夏季850 hPa风场差值分布表现为贝加尔湖东南侧和日本以南地区存在两个异常反气旋式环流,而我国南方地区和鄂霍次克海附近均为异常气旋式环流。夏季西北太平洋、北印度洋以及部分中高纬度海洋的海温和春季欧亚大陆积雪在20世纪90年代初出现显著变化,春季北极海冰的年代际转型发生在20世纪90年代初,都可能成为东亚夏季风年代际转型的原因。

     

    Abstract: Using JRA-25 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1979 to 2009, dominant modes of summer season (June—August) 850 hPa wind field variability over East Asia is revealed by means of the complex vector empirical orthogonal function method. The two reanalysis data are consistent with the description of the first East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) mode, whereas the first mode had been studied, showing that the first mode could not reflect the inter-decadal shift of Chinese summer precipitation in the early 1990s. Consequently, the inter-decadal shift feature of the second EASM mode is deeply analyzed, as well as its effect on summer precipitation in China. Moreover, the possible external forcing factors exerting effects on the inter-decadal shift of EASM are discussed.Results show that, EASM which is revealed by two sets of reanalysis data to have undergone one inter-decadal shift in the early 1990s. The inter-decadal shift time of EASM is consistent with the inter-decadal shift time of summer precipitation in China. EASM is closely related to the mid-high latitude atmospheric circulation anomalies. Corresponding anomalous 500 hPa geopotential height fields show an anomalous quasi-zonal teleconnection pattern in northern Eurasia, whereas the distribution of summer precipitation anomalies show a meridional dipole pattern. Accompanied by the inter-decadal shift of EASM, after the early 1990s, summer precipitation decreases in the majority of northern China, especially in north of the northeast and the area between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River in the vicinity of 105°E. While summer precipitation increases significantly in South China and the Huaihe River Basin. From the perspective of dynamic, the characteristics of inter-decadal shift of summer precipitation in China are described. The difference distribution of summer 500 hPa geopotential height fields between two periods (1993—2009 and 1979—1992) show northern Eurasian quasi-zonal teleconnection pattern, then the difference distribution of summer 850 hPa wind fields show the structure that there are two anomalous anti-cyclonic circulations in southeast of Lake Baikal and south of Japan, while there are two anomalous cyclonic circulations in southern China and Okhotsk Sea.The possible external forcing for the inter-decadal shift of EASM are various, including summer sea surface temperature (SST) in the northwestern Pacific, north Indian Ocean and the part of high latitude ocean (North Atlantic and North Pacific), as well as changes of spring Eurasia snow water equivalent in the early 1990s, inter-decadal shift of spring Arctic sea ice in the early 1990s, especially the high-latitude forcing factor. The role of these external forcing in inter-decadal shift of EASM is unclear and further study is essential.

     

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