Abstract: The current situation of modern climate operation in China is summarized, based on reviewing different aspects which include climate system monitoring and prediction, the climate system model, climatic assessment and disaster risk management, climate change and climate operation platform. The concept of modern climate operation is proposed, aiming at improvement of climate service, climate risk management and climate change adaptation. Its core is to develop objective prediction skill and quantified assessment method based on climate system monitoring and dynamics diagnosis. The future development of international climate operation and the deficiency of China modern climate operation are also analyzed. The implementation plan of modern climate operation in China is described clearly, including strengthening the monitoring of essential climatic variables, increasing resolution and improving physical processes in the climate system model, developing the second generation of short-term climate prediction system, seeking the assessment method of meteorological disaster and building China framework of climate service (CFCS).