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Observation and Analysis on Qiongzhou Strait Gales of Severe Typhoon Neasat (2011)
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摘要: 根据琼州海峡两岸2个梯度塔和1部车载风廓线雷达共同获取的强台风纳沙 (1117) 实测风速资料，分析强台风纳沙影响期间大风特性，发现以下观测事实和变化规律：位于台风移动路径右侧的测风站，其风向呈顺时针方向旋转，台风眼区经过的测风站，其最大风速接近35 m·s-1，且风向旋转超过180°，台风外围大风区经过的测风站其最大风速达到30 m·s-1，风向旋转73°；大风风切变过程可用对数函数和指数函数拟合，对数函数和指数函数对光滑下垫面的拟合效果更好，且对数函数拟合效果要略优于指数函数；阵风系数随风速增大而减小，但风速达到6级以后，阵风系数不随风速大小产生趋势变化，阵风系数与下垫面粗糙度有关，在粗糙下垫面上阵风系数会偏大；大风阵风系数随高度变化可用指数函数来描述，且对来自光滑下垫面的近地层大风阵风系数拟合效果更好。该观测个例的大风风切变指数与GB/T 18710—2002的推荐值存在差异——粗糙下垫面的大风风切变指数大于标准推荐值，而来自光滑下垫面的大风风切变指数则小于GB/T 18710—2002的推荐值。
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关键词:
- 强台风纳沙 (1117);
- 风切变;
- 阵风系数;
- 琼州海峡
Abstract: Based on wind data of a severe typhoon observed by two meteorological towers and one motive wind profile radar which are located on both sides of Qiongzhou Strait at the inshore sea, the gale features of the severe typhoon Neasat (2011), maximum wind speed, gust factor and wind profile index variation characteristics of typhoon Neasat (2011) are analyzed.On the right side of the typhoon path, the wind direction is clockwise on the Northern Hemisphere; the maximum 10-minute average wind speed observed in typhoon eye district is near 35 m·s-1, and the wind direction rotation is over 180°; the maximum 10-minute average wind speed in periphery district is near 30 m·s-1, and the wind direction around has rotated by 73°. Wind shear process can be fitted by exponential function and logarithmic function, which both fit well for smooth underlying surface, and the logarithmic function is slightly superior to exponential function.Gust factor decreases with increasing wind speed until the wind speed reaches level 6, and rougher underlying surface leads to bigger gust factor.The relation between wind gust factor and the height can be fitted by exponential function, especially when the surface is smooth.Compared with GB/T 18710—2002 recommended value, the gale shear index calculated over rough underlying surface during typhoon Neasat (2011) is higher than the recommended value, while over the smooth underlying surface it is lower than the recommended value.-
Key words:
- severe typhoon Neasat (2011);
- wind shear;
- gust factor;
- Qiongzhou Strait
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图 1 2011年9月29日强台风纳沙 (1117) 移动路径和观测点分布图
Fig. 1 Severe typhoon Neasat (2011) moving path and observation-point distribution on 29 September 2011
图 2 2011年9月29—30日不同高度雷达风廓线变化
(a) 水平风廓线时间-高度剖面图，(b) 垂直气流时间-高度剖面图
Fig. 2 Wind profile of different height at radar detected point during 29—30 September 2011
(a) height-time section of horizontal wind profile, (b) height-time section of vertical airflow
图 4 2011年9月29—30日雷达探测点100 m高度风况 (a) 风速、风向时程变化，(b) 风矢量变化
Fig. 4 100-m height wind conditions at radar detection point during 29—30 September 2011 (a) wind variations, (b) wind vector changes
图 5 2011年9月28—30日强台风纳沙 (1117) 过境前后梯度塔风矢量时空变化
Fig. 5 Gradient wind space-time change during the severe typhoon Neasat (2011) transit during 28—30 September 2011
图 6 2011年9月29—31日南塔100 m高度风况 (a) 风速、风向时程变化，(b) 风矢量变化
Fig. 6 100-m height wind conditions at the south tower during 29—31 September 2011 (a) wind variations, (b) wind vector changes
图 7 强台风纳沙 (1117) 大风期间风廓线拟合曲线
Fig. 7 Wind profile fitting curve at gale during severe typhoon Neasat (2011) affection
图 8 强台风纳沙 (1117) 大风期间的幂指数与10 m高度的风速的关系
Fig. 8 Wind power exponent relations with 10-m height wind speed during typhoon Neasat (2011) affection
图 9 强台风纳沙 (1117) 影响期间南塔阵风系数与风速的关系
Fig. 9 Gust factor with wind speed during severe typhoon Neasat (2011) affection on the south tower
图 10 强台风纳沙 (1117) 影响期间北塔阵风系数与风速的关系
Fig. 10 Gust factor with wind speed during severe typhoon Neasat (2011) affection on the north tower
图 11 大风条件下南塔和北塔的阵风系数随高度变化及其拟合曲线
Fig. 11 Gust factor changes with height and its fitting curve at gale on the south and the north towers
表 1 Airda3000Q型边界层风廓线雷达主要技术参数
Table 1 Main technical parameters of Airda3000Q boundary layer wind profile radar
参数名称 参数 参数名称 低模式参数 雷达波长 0.23256 m 脉冲宽度 0.33 μs 波束宽度 9° 探测高度范围 3450 m以下 波束数 5 噪声系数 2 dB 天线增益 不低于25 dB 高度分辨率 50 m 波束仰角 70° 相干积累次数 216 发射峰值功率 1500 W FFT点数 64 探测盲区 50 m以下 带宽 3.0 MHz (滤波器) 
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