涝渍对夏花生光合特性及产量影响

马青荣; 左璇; 胡程达; 成林; 李彤霄

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20210409

涝渍对夏花生光合特性及产量影响

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210409

马青荣^{1, 2, ,},
左璇³,
胡程达^{1, 2},
成林^{1, 2},
李彤霄^{1, 2}

1.
中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室, 郑州 450003
2.
河南省气象科学研究所, 郑州 450003
3.
河南省气候中心, 郑州 450003

资助项目:

国家重点研发计划 2019YFD1002204

中国气象局农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室开放基金 AMF201801

中国气象局农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室开放基金 AMF202107

详细信息

通信作者:
马青荣, 邮箱: zzmqr@163.com

计量
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-25
- 修回日期: 2021-06-03
- 刊出日期: 2021-07-31

Effects of Waterlogging on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Summer Peanut

Ma Qingrong^{1, 2
, ,},
Zuo Xuan³,
Hu Chengda^{1, 2},
Cheng Lin^{1, 2},
Li Tongxiao^{1, 2}

1.
CMA·Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique, Zhengzhou 450003
2.
Henan Institute of Meteorological Science, Zhengzhou 450003
3.
Henan Climate Center, Zhengzhou 450003

摘要

摘要: 夏花生常因汛期雨水偏多形成涝渍灾害而减产，探索不同耕作方式下涝渍持续日数对花生光合特性及产量的影响，可为花生涝渍动态监测评估和农业防灾减灾提供参考。选择2019年、2020年每年6—9月，在花生主产区河南驻马店土壤质地为粘土的大田平作、垄作方式下，以豫花22为试验材料，将花生产量形成过程分前期、中期、后期3个时段，分别设计3 d，5 d，7 d，9 d灌水处理。结果表明：相同过程灌水量条件下，垄作比平作涝渍持续日数减少1~5 d，其中淹涝日数偏少3~5 d；3 d灌水处理的涝渍持续日数4~5 d，叶绿素含量和净光合速率等光合参数呈正效应造成茎叶干物质积累增加；各时段涝渍影响均随持续日数的增加而加重，除百仁重涝渍影响表现为中期最大、前期次之、后期最小，其他均为前期最大、中期次之、后期最小；各处理水平涝渍持续日数4~16 d，光合参数影响幅度为1.3%~64.2%，生物量和产量影响幅度为0.6%~44.9%；垄作花生与平作花生相比，因涝渍持续日数减少而使灾害影响减小，前期各处理花生产量减少灾损达3.4%~11.6%。
- 夏花生;
- 涝渍;
- 耕作方式;
- 光合特性;
- 产量
Abstract: Yield of summer peanut is often reduced due to waterlogging caused by excessive rainfall in flood season. Exploring the effects of waterlogging duration under different cultivation pattern on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut can provide scientific and technological support for dynamic monitoring, evaluation of waterlogging process, disaster prevention and mitigation. Field experiment is carried out in main peanut production area with clay soil. Peanut variety Yuhua 22 is used in field experiment under flat and ridge cultivation patterns. The yield formation process of peanut is divided into three stages: Early, middle and late, and four irrigation treatments (3 days, 5 days, 7 days and 9 days) are designed in these stages. In flat pattern, the depth of water in field is no less than 2 cm during irrigation, and the daily irrigation amount of ridged plots is consistent with that of flat plots. The results show that under the same irrigation amount, the waterlogging lasting days of ridge pattern are reduced by 1 to 5 days, and the flooding days are reduced by 3 to 5 days. The waterlogging duration is 4 to 5 days in 3 days irrigation treatment. Chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate show positive effects, resulting in the increase of dry matter accumulation in stems and leaves. The effects of waterlogging in all stages increase with waterlogging duration, but it has little effect in late stage because of the slow growth of peanut itself. For the 100-seed weight, the effects of heavy waterlogging are most significant in the middle period, followed by the early period, and then the late period. While for other factors, the effects are most significant in the early period. The waterlogging duration in all treatments is between 4 days and 16 days. The effects range from 1.3% to 64.2% on photosynthetic parameters and from 0.9% to -44.9% on biomass and yield. Compared with flat pattern, ridge pattern has less effects due to the decrease of waterlogging duration. The peanut yield loss of each treatment ranges from 3.4% to 11.6% in early stage, and from 1.2% to 6.9% in middle stage. The experiments take possible waterlogging lasting days in peanut production and two different cultivation patterns (flat and ridge) into consideration reasonably. The results are of great significance to enhance the capacity of disaster prevention and mitigation in peanut production.
- summer peanut;
- waterlogging;
- cultivation pattern;
- photosynthetic characteristics;
- yield

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图 1 不同耕作方式下各时段涝渍处理对生物量的影响

Fig. 1 Biomass of peanut under waterlogging treatments during each stage for different cultivation pattern

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图 2 不同耕作方式下各时段涝渍处理对产量的影响

Fig. 2 Effects of different cultivation pattern on yield of peanut under waterlogging treatments during each stage

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表 1 1971—2020年118个站点连续降水日数及对应频次和站次

Table 1 Number of station-time and frequency of continuous precipitation days at 118 stations from 1971 to 2020

连续降水日数/d	发生总次数	发生频次/(次·(站·年)^-1)	发生站次/(站·(次·年)^-1)
3	6063	1.03	121
4	3455	0.59	69
5	2095	0.36	42
6	1196	0.20	24
7	696	0.12	14
8	431	0.07	9
9	332	0.06	7
10	171	0.03	3
11	89	0.02	2
12	69	0.01	1
13	26	0	1
14	14	0	0
15	18	0	0
16	5	0	0
17	4	0	0
18	3	0	0
20	1	0	0
31	1	0	0

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表 2 平作淹涝灌水量下不同耕作方式涝渍持续日数

Table 2 Waterlogging duration under two cultivation patterns with the flooding irrigation amount under flat pattern

耕作方式	灌水日数/d	淹涝持续日数/d	湿渍持续日数/d	涝渍持续日数/d
平作	3	4	1	5
	5	7	2	9
	7	9	3	12
	9	12	4	16
垄作	3	1	3	4
	5	3	4	7
	7	5	4	9
	9	7	4	11

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表 3 不同涝渍处理与对照相比叶绿素含量的差异

Table 3 Comparison in chlorophyll content between different waterlogging treatments and CK

耕作方式	涝渍处理	叶绿素含量	与对照相比影响百分率/%
平作	A3	47.2	-4.2
	A5	42.9	5.6
	A7	37.1	15.2
	A9	29.4	30.7
	B3	42.1	-1.1
	B5	39.6	3.5
	B7	35.8	10.0
	B9	31.9	20.6
	C3	36.1	-0.3
	C5	35.0	1.1
	C7	32.5	4.1
	C9	31.4	8.0
垄作	A3	48.9	-8.7
	A5	44.9	-2.2
	A7	42.3	4.9
	A9	34.8	17.3
	B3	40.7	-4.4
	B5	39.3	-0.1
	B7	35.3	6.3
	B9	33.0	10.6

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表 4 不同涝渍处理与对照相比光合参数的差异

Table 4 Comparison in photosynthetic parameters between different waterlogging treatments and CK

耕作方式	涝渍处理	光合参数/(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)			与对照相比影响百分率/%
耕作方式	涝渍处理	净光合速率	胞间CO₂浓度	蒸腾速率	净光合速率	胞间CO₂浓度	蒸腾速率
平作	A3	25.0	281	6.8	-3.9	3.1	1.3
	A5	24.6	243	6.2	5.6	17.9	9.5
	A7	20.2	209	5.2	15.2	26.4	23.6
	A9	17.6	16	4.8	30.7	43.1	29.0
	B3	21.5	263	6.0	3.6	6.1	4.8
	B5	23.4	183	5.8	3.5	30.9	9.2
	B7	23.1	165	4.8	10.0	39.8	19.8
	B9	18.6	105	4.2	20.6	64.2	28.0
	C3	21.6	235	5.2	-0.3	12.0	12.3
	C5	22.4	230	5.0	1.1	19.3	11.6
	C7	16.0	182	4.3	26.5	33.3	24.8
	C9	18.1	158	3.8	8.0	37.8	32.6
垄作	A3	25.6	279	6.9	-4.7	1.8	-0.4
	A5	26.0	265	6.3	1.2	9.6	8.4
	A7	22.0	231	5.9	11.9	18.9	12.7
	A9	18.2	185	5.4	21.8	31.5	19.1
	B3	22.0	263	6.2	-1.6	4.0	3.3
	B5	23.1	235	6.0	3.1	19.8	6.4
	B7	21.0	196	4.7	6.3	31.2	22.8
	B9	20.7	265	4.1	10.6	29.4	31.5

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表 5 花生产量形成时期不同时段涝渍处理对产量及构成因素的影响

Table 5 Effects of waterlogging treatments on yield and yield components in different stages

耕作方式	涝渍处理	百果重/g	百仁重/g	饱果率/%	荚果产量/(kg·hm^-2)
平作	CK	182.4±4.1	80.6±8.0	78.0±6.1	5689.7±465.2
	A3	175.6±7.5	75.9±4.3	74.2±5.3	5424.4±161.3
	A5	160.8±5.3^*	69.4±3.2^*	69.5±4.1^*	5032.3±137.2^*
	A7	141.5±3.6^**	59.1±6.1^**	62.1±6.2^**	4556.0±301.2^**
	A9	132.8±9.2^**	57.3±9.8^**	58.6±2.8^**	4075.2±423.3^**
	B3	180.6±3.1	76.5±0.9^*	75.6±6.1	5502.8±305.5
	B5	173.1±2.2^*	68.5±4.4^*	72.3±8.9^*	5343.3±184.5
	B7	161.0±4.5^*	57.2±1.1^**	68.9±4.2^*	5028.0±271.3^*
	B9	149.8±3.1^**	54.9±3.7^**	63.1±5.6^**	4590.4±423.4^**
	C3	183.2±4.8	80.8±1.1	76.8±3.1	5567.2±401.0
	C5	177.8±1.4	78.1±2.1	74.7±2.2	5408.5±127.1
	C7	172.9±0.5^*	75.5±4.6^*	72.5±2.3^*	5355.2±278.4^*
	C9	163.6±9.8^**	71.9±4.9^**	70.1±4.5^*	5283.2±366.9^*
垄作	CK	183.6±9.2	81.3±5.1	78.8±2.9	5763.0±334.7
	A3	186.4±8.4	82.3±4.8	76.2±5.8	5744.7±421.6
	A5	175.1±11.5	76.1±6.2^*	73.5±6.1^*	5346.4±206.8^*
	A7	161.6±15.3^*	70.0±2.8^**	71.3±2.8^**	5063.4±89.8^**
	A9	151.3±7.3^**	65.7±5.2^**	69.1±3.6^**	4797.6±341.7^**
	B3	184.1±5.5	82.0±3.9	77.0±4.2	5643.3±298.3
	B5	180.1±13.9	78.8±4.9^*	74.5±4.7	5482.9±174.3^*
	B7	174.6±11.2^*	75.0±6.3^*	72.8±6.7^*	5264.7±201.1^**
	B9	165.3±7.7^**	70.8±5.3^**	70.7±5.4^**	5046.6±398.6^**
注：和 *分别表示与对照处理CK相比达到0.05和0.01显著性水平。

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涝渍对夏花生光合特性及产量影响

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210409

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马青荣, 邮箱: zzmqr@163.com

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Effects of Waterlogging on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Summer Peanut

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涝渍对夏花生光合特性及产量影响

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210409

通信作者: 马青荣, 邮箱: zzmqr@163.com

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Effects of Waterlogging on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Summer Peanut

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通信作者:
马青荣, 邮箱: zzmqr@163.com