“21·7”河南暴雨环境场及云的宏微观特征

高洋; 蔡淼; 曹治强; 田林; 王曦

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20220604

“21·7”河南暴雨环境场及云的宏微观特征

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220604

高洋^{1, 2, 3},
蔡淼^4, ,,
曹治强^{1, 2, 3},
田林^{1, 2, 3},
王曦^{1, 2, 3}

1.
国家卫星气象中心/国家空间天气监测预警中心, 北京 100081
2.
许健民气象卫星创新中心, 北京 100081
3.
中国气象局中国遥感卫星辐射测量和定标重点开放实验室, 北京 100081
4.
中国气象局云降水物理与人工影响天气重点开放实验室, 北京 100081

资助项目:

风云卫星应用先行计划 FY-APP-2021.0102

风云卫星应用先行计划 FY-APP-2022.0111

风云卫星应用先行计划 FY-APP-2022.0113

详细信息

通信作者:
蔡淼, 邮箱: caimiao@cma.gov.cn

计量
- 摘要浏览量: 755
- HTML全文浏览量: 106
- PDF下载量: 129
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-17
- 修回日期: 2022-10-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-21
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-17

Environmental Conditions and Cloud Macro and Micro Features of "21·7" Extreme Heavy Rainfall in Henan Province

Gao Yang^{1, 2, 3},
Cai Miao^{4
, ,},
Cao Zhiqiang^{1, 2, 3},
Tian Lin^{1, 2, 3},
Wang Xi^{1, 2, 3}

1.
National Satellite Meteorological Center/National Center for Space Weather, Beijing 100081
2.
Innovation Center for Fengyun Meteorological Satellite, Beijing 100081
3.
Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081
4.
CMA Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification Key Laboratory, Beijing 100081

摘要

摘要: 利用FY-4A静止气象卫星、FY-3D极轨气象卫星资料和ERA5再分析资料，深入分析“21·7”河南暴雨环境场及云宏微观特征，首次利用FY-4A观测研究此次事件对流云微物理特征。结果表明：“21·7”河南暴雨是一次极端强降水事件，河南省位于大陆高压和副热带高压之间的鞍型场内，有利于其上空低涡云系的发展和维持。2021年7月20日两股水汽输送交汇于河南中北部，为郑州极端降水提供了有利条件。20日14：00—16：00（北京时，下同）郑州长时间位于对流云团冷云区边界亮温梯度大值区，该时段对流发展旺盛；12：00—14：00云光学厚度跃增，且在15：00仍维持较大值，表明该时段云中液态粒子大量合并，液态水含量丰富，光学厚度峰值出现时间先于降水量峰值出现时间，FY-4A云光学厚度跃增且维持较大值对强降水出现时间及量级有重要的预警意义。对流云粒子有效半径（r_e）随温度（T）的增长曲线（T-r_e关系）表明：20日16：00河南上空的雨胚形成区最为深厚，云中不同高度的r_e整体维持在20~25 μm，表明云中上升气流较强，有利于地面强降水发生。
- 极端降水;
- FY-4A;
- 宏观结构;
- 云微物理特征
Abstract: Meteorological satellites can provide more details of cloud, which can be used to analyze the development process of convective cloud in the rainstorm events. To investigate the "21·7" extreme heavy rainfall in Henan Province, satellite cloud image characteristics, the development and evolution process of precipitation clouds, macro structure and microphysical features are deeply analyzed by FY-4A satellite data, FY-3D satellite data, and ERA5 reanalysis data. Particularly, FY-4A satellite data are used to study the cloud microphysical features of this event for the first time. The boundary position and intensity of the water vapor dark area of continental high are relatively stable from 18 July to 22 July in 2021, and the subtropical high continues to extend westward. The stable saddle field is conductive to the long-term development and maintenance of the low vortex cloud system over Henan Province. Two streams of water vapor locate at the north central part of Henan Province, which is favorable for the occurrence of rainstorm at Zhengzhou on 20 July. The reorganization and adjustment of the convective system are due to the consolidation and development of several convective clouds over Henan Province on 20 July. From 1400 BT to 1600 BT, the boundary of cold cloud is over Zhengzhou, where the brightness temperature gradient value is large, indicating that the convection is in its development stage. Furthermore, the cloud optical thickness increases from 1200 BT to 1400 BT, and still maintains a large value at 1500 BT. It indicates that this period is critical for a large number of liquid particles to merge. The time when the cloud optical thickness reaches peak value is prior to that of the precipitation. The increasing trend and value of cloud optical thickness have great significance for the magnitude and occurrence time of heavy rainfall. The relations between cloud top temperature and particle effective radius(T-r_e relations) are analyzed by FY-4A data. The results show that the rain zone over Henan Province is the deepest at 1600 BT 20 July, and the effective radius of cloud particles at different heights maintain at 20-25 μm. It indicates that the updraft in the cloud is strong, which is conductive to the occurrence of heavy rainfall.
- extreme heavy rainfall;
- FY-4A;
- macro structure;
- cloud microphysical feature

HTML全文

图 1 2021年7月18—23日累积降水量分布

Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of precipitation from 18 Jul to 23 Jul in 2021

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2021年7月20—21日FY-4A水汽通道亮温(灰度)和ERA5 500 hPa位势高度(蓝色等值线，单位：dagpm)

Fig. 2 Brightness temperature(the grey) of FY-4A water vapor channel and ERA5 500 hPa height(the blue contour, unit:dagpm) from 20 Jul to 21 Jul in 2021

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图 3 2021年7月20—21日FY-3D 850 hPa日平均比湿(填色)及ERA5 850 hPa风场(矢量)分布

Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of daily specific humidity of FY-3D(the shaded) and ERA5 850 hPa wind(the vector) from 20 Jul to 21 Jul in 2021

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图 4 2021年7月20日13:00—20:00 FY-4A长波红外通道亮温

(郑州站以黑色圆点标出, 红色实线为亮温-52℃等值线)

Fig. 4 Brightness temperature of FY-4A long wave infrared channel from 1300 BT to 2000 BT 20 Jul in 2021

(the black dot denotes Zhengzhou Station, the red line denotes -52℃)

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图 5 2021年7月20日08:00—21日08:00 FY-4A云宏观特征和郑州站逐小时降水量

(a)云顶高度和降水量，(b)长波红外通道亮温和降水量

Fig. 5 FY-4A cloud macro characteristics and hourly precipitation of Zhengzhou from 0800 BT 20 Jul to 0800 BT 21 Jul in 2021

(a)cloud top height and precipitation, (b)brightness temperature of long wave infrared channel and precipitation

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图 6 2021年7月20日08:00—21日08:00 FY-4A云微物理特征和郑州站逐小时降水量特征

(a)云粒子有效半径和降水量，(b)云光学厚度和降水量

Fig. 6 FY-4A cloud microphysical characteristics and hourly precipitation of Zhengzhou Station from 0800 BT 20 Jul to 0800 BT 21 Jul in 2021

(a)cloud droplet effective radius and precipitation, (b)cloud optical thickness and precipitation

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图 7 2018—2021年夏季河南省FY-4A云光学厚度与其后1 h累积降水量箱线图

(方框的上边界和下边界分别表示总样本75%和25%比例的数值，方框中实线代表总样本的中位数的数值，上下虚线端点分别表示占总样本90%和10%比例的数值)

Fig. 7 Box-plot of FY-4A cloud optical thickness for 1 h rainfall(unit:mm) in Henan in summer of 2018-2021

(the upper and lower boundaries of the box denote 75 and 25 percentiles;the median is denoted by the horizontal line inside the box;90 and 10 percentiles of values are denoted by the top and bottom ends of the whiskers, respectively)

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图 8 2021年7月20日FY-4A云顶温度

(标有数字的黑色方框为T-r_e图云微物理特征分析所选的代表区域)

Fig. 8 FY-4A cloud top temperature on 20 Jul 2021

(black boxes with numbers denote the typical cloud areas for T-r_e analysis)

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图 9 图 8中所选区域对流云团对应的T-r_e图

(灰色曲线为样本量，对应上横坐标值；不同颜色的曲线表示不同比例有效样本量下r_e随T变化) (a)区域1, 10:00，(b)区域2, 12:00，(c)区域3, 14:00，(d)区域4，16:00

Fig. 9 Temperature and cloud droplet effective radius for the convective cloud clusters in the selected zone marked in Fig.8

(the grey line denotes the number of samples, corresponding to the upper x-axis;curves with different colors denote variations of r_e with T under different proportion of samples) (a)zone 1, 1000 BT, (b)zone 2, 1200 BT, (c)zone 3, 1400 BT, (d)zone 4, 1600 BT

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“21·7”河南暴雨环境场及云的宏微观特征

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220604

通信作者:
蔡淼, 邮箱: caimiao@cma.gov.cn

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Environmental Conditions and Cloud Macro and Micro Features of "21·7" Extreme Heavy Rainfall in Henan Province

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“21·7”河南暴雨环境场及云的宏微观特征

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220604

通信作者: 蔡淼, 邮箱: caimiao@cma.gov.cn

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Environmental Conditions and Cloud Macro and Micro Features of "21·7" Extreme Heavy Rainfall in Henan Province

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出版历程

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通信作者:
蔡淼, 邮箱: caimiao@cma.gov.cn