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基于APSIM的内蒙古突泉春玉米水氮管理措施

郭尔静 杨霏云 伍露 孙爽 高家宝 张超群 张玲

郭尔静, 杨霏云, 伍露, 等. 基于APSIM的内蒙古突泉春玉米水氮管理措施. 应用气象学报, 2024, 35(5): 629-640. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20240510..
引用本文: 郭尔静, 杨霏云, 伍露, 等. 基于APSIM的内蒙古突泉春玉米水氮管理措施. 应用气象学报, 2024, 35(5): 629-640. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20240510.
Guo Erjing, Yang Feiyun, Wu Lu, et al. Water-nitrogen managements for spring maize at Tuquan, Inner Mongolia based on APSIM. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(5): 629-640. DOI:   10.11898/1001-7313.20240510.
Citation: Guo Erjing, Yang Feiyun, Wu Lu, et al. Water-nitrogen managements for spring maize at Tuquan, Inner Mongolia based on APSIM. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(5): 629-640. DOI:   10.11898/1001-7313.20240510.

基于APSIM的内蒙古突泉春玉米水氮管理措施

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20240510
资助项目: 

中国气象局气象干部培训学院科研项目 2023CMATCZDA03

详细信息
    通信作者:

    杨霏云, 邮箱:yangfy@cma.gov.cn

Water-nitrogen Managements for Spring Maize at Tuquan, Inner Mongolia Based on APSIM

  • 摘要: 水分和氮肥是制约旱地农业生产的重要因素。基于2013—2022年内蒙古自治区突泉春玉米发育期、单产和田间管理数据, 对农业生产系统模型(agricultural production system simulator, APSIM)调参验证; 基于验证后的模型, 结合1981—2022年突泉气象数据, 设计不同水分亏缺程度下水氮管理情景, 以春玉米单产、水氮用量和效率为指标, 提出春玉米最优水氮管理措施, 并分析不同降水年型下春玉米适宜灌溉量和施氮量。结果表明: APSIM对春玉米出苗-开花日数、出苗-成熟日数和单产模拟值与实测值的归一化均方根误差分别为1.3%、1.2%和2.8%, APSIM可定量模拟春玉米发育期和单产。综合春玉米单产、灌溉量、施氮量、水分生产力和氮肥农学效率, 最优管理措施为0~100 cm土壤剖面深度下水分亏缺程度为60%时补充灌溉, 灌溉量为171.0 mm, 施氮量为197.8 kg·hm-2。当春玉米生长季降水量为200~400、401~600 mm和601~800 mm时, 适宜的灌溉量分别为233.0~283.5、110.5~148.4 mm和125.0~155.0 mm, 施氮量分别为176.9~219.3、218.3~241.5 kg·hm-2和211.8~249.9 kg·hm-2
  • 图  1  —2022年内蒙古自治区突泉农业气象观测站气候资源

    Fig. 1  Climate resources at Tuquan Agrometeorological Observation Station of Inner Mongolia from 1981 to 2022

    图  1  —2022年内蒙古自治区突泉农业气象观测站气候资源

    Fig. 1  Climate resources at Tuquan Agrometeorological Observation Station of Inner Mongolia from 1981 to 2022

    图  2  —2022年春玉米发育期日数和单产的模拟值与实测值比较

    Fig. 2  Comparison and validation of simulated and observed growth duration and yield of spring maize from 2016 to 2022

    图  2  —2022年春玉米发育期日数和单产的模拟值与实测值比较

    Fig. 2  Comparison and validation of simulated and observed growth duration and yield of spring maize from 2016 to 2022

    图  3  不同情景下春玉米平均单产和高稳系数

    Fig. 3  Average yield and high stability coefficient of spring maize under different scenarios

    图  3  不同情景下春玉米平均单产和高稳系数

    Fig. 3  Average yield and high stability coefficient of spring maize under different scenarios

    图  4  不同情景下春玉米水分生产力和氮肥农学效率

    Fig. 4  Spring maize water productivity and agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen under different scenarios

    图  4  不同情景下春玉米水分生产力和氮肥农学效率

    Fig. 4  Spring maize water productivity and agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen under different scenarios

    表  1  调整后APSIM关键参数值

    Table  1  Specific values of APSIM key parameters after parameter adjustment

    描述 单位 参数值
    出苗到拔节期结束的有效积温 出苗到拔节期结束的有效积温>℃·d 出苗到拔节期结束的有效积温>210
    孕穗期到开花的有效积温 ℃·d 10
    开花到灌浆的有效积温 ℃·d 10
    开花到成熟的有效积温 ℃·d 730
    最适光周期 h 12.5
    光周期最大临界值 h 24.0
    光周期斜率 ℃·h-1 0.0
    每株最大籽粒数 650
    每平方米茎秆重 g 120
    植株高度 mm 3000
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  1  调整后APSIM关键参数值

    Table  1  Specific values of APSIM key parameters after parameter adjustment

    描述 单位 参数值
    出苗到拔节期结束的有效积温 出苗到拔节期结束的有效积温>℃·d 出苗到拔节期结束的有效积温>210
    孕穗期到开花的有效积温 ℃·d 10
    开花到灌浆的有效积温 ℃·d 10
    开花到成熟的有效积温 ℃·d 730
    最适光周期 h 12.5
    光周期最大临界值 h 24.0
    光周期斜率 ℃·h-1 0.0
    每株最大籽粒数 650
    每平方米茎秆重 g 120
    植株高度 mm 3000
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同情景下春玉米单产、水分生产力和氮肥农学效率的差异

    Table  2  Variations in spring maize yield, water productivity and agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen under different scenarios

    土壤剖面深度/cm 土壤水分亏缺程度/% 单产/ (kg·hm-2) 高稳系数 灌溉量/ mm 施氮量/ (kg·hm-2) 水分生产力/ (kg·hm-2·mm-1) 氮肥农学效率/ (kg·kg-1)
    0~200 10 13035.2 0.82 319.8 293.5 16.4 22.0
    20 12343.3 0.77 219.3* 214.1* 18.2 26.2
    30 11252.9 0.68 170.2* 189.5* 18.2 26.5
    40 9807.3* 0.54 131.2* 154.8* 17.0 26.8*
    50 8307.9* 0.39 94.1* 137.7* 15.5 24.6
    60 6661.1* 0.22 58.3* 112.4* 13.1* 23.2
    0~100 10 13230.2 0.83 358.3 317.8 15.7 19.8
    20 13044.2 0.82 279.8* 279.3 17.4 22.7
    30 12777.1 0.80 242.4* 247.1* 18.1 24.8*
    40 12458.1 0.78 214.6* 224.7* 18.6 25.3*
    50 12016.8 0.74 193.2* 217.2* 18.6 25.8*
    60 11519.0 0.69 171.0* 197.8* 18.6 24.8*
    0~60 10 13292.6 0.83 379.8 335.1 15.3 18.6
    20 13122.6 0.82 301.5* 279.4* 16.9 22.3
    30 12974.9 0.81 264.1* 262.4* 17.8 23.9*
    40 12744.2 0.79 241.0* 249.7* 18.1* 24.7*
    50 12483.6 0.77 218.8* 241.9* 18.4* 24.8*
    60 12210.3 0.75 206.1* 226.6* 18.4* 24.2*
    注:*表示与同一土壤剖面深度下土壤水分亏缺程度为10%情景的差异达到0.05显著性水平。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同情景下春玉米单产、水分生产力和氮肥农学效率的差异

    Table  2  Variations in spring maize yield, water productivity and agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen under different scenarios

    土壤剖面深度/cm 土壤水分亏缺程度/% 单产/ (kg·hm-2) 高稳系数 灌溉量/ mm 施氮量/ (kg·hm-2) 水分生产力/ (kg·hm-2·mm-1) 氮肥农学效率/ (kg·kg-1)
    0~200 10 13035.2 0.82 319.8 293.5 16.4 22.0
    20 12343.3 0.77 219.3* 214.1* 18.2 26.2
    30 11252.9 0.68 170.2* 189.5* 18.2 26.5
    40 9807.3* 0.54 131.2* 154.8* 17.0 26.8*
    50 8307.9* 0.39 94.1* 137.7* 15.5 24.6
    60 6661.1* 0.22 58.3* 112.4* 13.1* 23.2
    0~100 10 13230.2 0.83 358.3 317.8 15.7 19.8
    20 13044.2 0.82 279.8* 279.3 17.4 22.7
    30 12777.1 0.80 242.4* 247.1* 18.1 24.8*
    40 12458.1 0.78 214.6* 224.7* 18.6 25.3*
    50 12016.8 0.74 193.2* 217.2* 18.6 25.8*
    60 11519.0 0.69 171.0* 197.8* 18.6 24.8*
    0~60 10 13292.6 0.83 379.8 335.1 15.3 18.6
    20 13122.6 0.82 301.5* 279.4* 16.9 22.3
    30 12974.9 0.81 264.1* 262.4* 17.8 23.9*
    40 12744.2 0.79 241.0* 249.7* 18.1* 24.7*
    50 12483.6 0.77 218.8* 241.9* 18.4* 24.8*
    60 12210.3 0.75 206.1* 226.6* 18.4* 24.2*
    注:*表示与同一土壤剖面深度下土壤水分亏缺程度为10%情景的差异达到0.05显著性水平。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  最优管理措施下不同降水年型春玉米灌溉量(单位:mm)

    Table  3  Irrigation amount of spring maize for different precipitation year types under optimal managements (unit: mm)

    降水量/mm 0~100 cm土壤剖面深度 0~60 cm土壤剖面深度
    水分亏缺程度为40% 水分亏缺程度为50% 水分亏缺程度为60% 水分亏缺程度为60%
    200~400 283.5 261.0 233.0 279.0
    401~600 148.4 126.8 110.5 137.4
    601~800 155.0 145.0 125.0 130.0
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  最优管理措施下不同降水年型春玉米灌溉量(单位:mm)

    Table  3  Irrigation amount of spring maize for different precipitation year types under optimal managements (unit: mm)

    降水量/mm 0~100 cm土壤剖面深度 0~60 cm土壤剖面深度
    水分亏缺程度为40% 水分亏缺程度为50% 水分亏缺程度为60% 水分亏缺程度为60%
    200~400 283.5 261.0 233.0 279.0
    401~600 148.4 126.8 110.5 137.4
    601~800 155.0 145.0 125.0 130.0
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  最优管理措施下不同降水年型春玉米施氮量(单位:kg·hm-2)

    Table  4  Nitrogen application amount of spring maize for different precipitation year types under optimal managements (unit: kg·hm-2)

    降水量/mm 0~100 cm土壤剖面深度 0~60 cm土壤剖面深度为
    水分亏缺程度40% 水分亏缺程度为50% 水分亏缺程度为60% 水分亏缺程度为60%
    200~400 219.3 198.9 176.9 210.2
    401~600 230.3 237.0 218.3 241.5
    601~800 225.1 211.7 211.8 249.9
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  最优管理措施下不同降水年型春玉米施氮量(单位:kg·hm-2)

    Table  4  Nitrogen application amount of spring maize for different precipitation year types under optimal managements (unit: kg·hm-2)

    降水量/mm 0~100 cm土壤剖面深度 0~60 cm土壤剖面深度为
    水分亏缺程度40% 水分亏缺程度为50% 水分亏缺程度为60% 水分亏缺程度为60%
    200~400 219.3 198.9 176.9 210.2
    401~600 230.3 237.0 218.3 241.5
    601~800 225.1 211.7 211.8 249.9
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2024-05-16
  • 修回日期:  2024-07-30
  • 刊出日期:  2024-09-30

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