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Variations of Ozone Concentration with Its Impacts on Cities of Xizang
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摘要: 在强紫外线辐射和高臭氧(O3)背景值下,人为排放源集中的青藏高原城市地区大气O3质量浓度长期变化及其潜在环境影响备受关注。该研究收集了2015—2023年西藏7个城市的O3质量浓度数据,分析其变化趋势,并借助13个O3风险评价指标评估O3对当地居民健康和生态植被的潜在威胁。结果表明:O3质量浓度在拉萨明显高于南部的山南和日喀则,与北部的那曲相当,高于西部的阿里以及东部的林芝和昌都。昌都O3峰值出现在6月,林芝O3峰值出现在3—4月,其他城市则出现在5月。阿里、那曲、拉萨和林芝的O3质量浓度呈年际波动,山南、日喀则和昌都的O3质量浓度呈显著上升趋势。健康与生态O3风险指标与日间O3质量浓度紧密相关。相比西藏其他城市,拉萨的O3暴露带来的影响尤为突出,部分风险指标已突破安全阈值。在高O3背景值基础上,由于人为排放的不断增加,西藏城市须采取有效的O3预防和控制措施,以长期维护青藏高原城市地区大气环境质量。Abstract:
Under the harsh environmental conditions characterized by intense ultraviolet radiation and elevated ozone (O3) background, the temporal dynamics of atmospheric O3 concentrations and their associated environmental ramifications in the densely populated and emission-concentrated urban regions of the Tibetan Plateau have garnered considerable scientific interest. This comprehensive study meticulously compiles O3 concentration data spanning 2015 to 2023 from 7 cities of Xizang, conducting rigorous trend analyses and employing a robust suite of 13 risk assessment indicators to gauge the implications for human health and ecological vegetation. It shows that O3 concentrations of these cities demonstrate significant geographical variations, with the central city of Lhasa recording the highest O3 mass concentration, while those in the southern cities of Shannan and Rikaze are relatively lower. O3 concentrations of Nagqu, located in the north, are comparable to those of Lhasa and are significantly higher than those of Ali in the west, as well as those of Linzhi and Changdu in the east Plateau. O3 concentrations of Changdu and Linzhi peak in June and March-April, respectively, while the other cities reach their peaks in May. Since 2015, interannual variations in O3 concentrations of Ali, Nagqu, Lhasa, and Linzhi do not show statistically significant trends. In contrast, Shannan, Rikaze, and Changdu experience significant increases in concentration. Specifically, AMDA8_max and AMDA8_4th in Rikaze and Changdu increase significantly, whereas the other cities show decreasing trends. Similarly, both NDGT90 and NDGT70 exhibit comparable trends. SOMO35 indicator, which indicates human health risks, and AOT40 and W126 indicators, which are closely related to ecological vegetation and crop growth, show a high degree of consistency in their trends relative to diurnal O3 concentration changes. In Lhasa, values of these indicators exceed safety thresholds, particularly during spring and summer, highlighting the combined effect of high background O3 concentrations in the Plateau and intensified O3 photochemical formation due to anthropogenic emissions, posing potential threats to human health and ecosystems. Although the current O3-related risk indicators of Rikaze and Changdu have not yet reached critical levels, their significant upward trends should not be overlooked. With the continuous rise in anthropogenic pollutant emissions in the region, adverse effects of O3 photochemical formation are anticipated to intensify. Therefore, there is an urgent need to enhance monitoring and assessment in these cities and to implement effective measures to mitigate or control O3 pollution, thereby safeguarding regional environmental security and promoting sustainable development.
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Key words:
- Xizang;
- cities;
- O3;
- health effects;
- ecological risks
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