Numerical Simulation of Main Negative Charge Area Parameters for Upward Negative Cloud-to-ground Lightning

Wang Yiru; Tan Yongbo; Zheng Tianxue; Yu Junhao; Li Chunsun; Liu Minzhi

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20200205

Vol.31, NO.2, 2020

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Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2020 > 31(2): 175-184

Wang Yiru, Tan Yongbo, Zheng Tianxue, et al. Numerical simulation of main negative charge area parameters for upward negative cloud-to-ground lightning. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(2): 175-184. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200205.

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Wang Yiru, Tan Yongbo, Zheng Tianxue, et al. Numerical simulation of main negative charge area parameters for upward negative cloud-to-ground lightning. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(2): 175-184. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200205.

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Numerical Simulation of Main Negative Charge Area Parameters for Upward Negative Cloud-to-ground Lightning

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200205

1.
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044
2.
Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

Received Date: 2019-11-11
Rev Recd Date: 2020-01-08
Publish Date: 2020-03-31

Abstract

Abstract

Different types of lightning initiation condition are the focus of scientific research. The initiation of cloud lightning is competitive with self-sustaining uplink lightning. Based on the classical dipolar charge structure and the existing lightning discharge parameterization schemes, under the background of the classic dipolar charge structure, two-dimensional(2-D) high-resolution lightning discharge simulation experiments are carried out by adjusting the parameters of the main negative charge regions. Cloud charge structures which are beneficial to the onset of self-sustaining upward lightning are discussed. Results show that the part of the lightning at the beginning of the building has almost no bifurcation, and spreads straight toward the vertical direction. As the lightning continues developing, it gradually extends horizontally, and lightning channel branches gradually increase. Branches generally develop from bottom to top. The development of new branches in the front section of the main channel will hinder the development of lightning branches located to a certain extent. Branches at the same height may have a simultaneous developing trend. It can be inferred that this is related to the flat surface potential direction and the potential well in the charge region of the cloud. It is found that the higher the charge area is, the larger the charge density and distribution range the initial-self-sustaining uplink lightning needs. There speculates a threshold of the height of the main negative charge regions for the onset of upward lightning. When the negative charge region is higher than that, with the accumulation of charge in the main negative regions, the lightning will start in clouds instead of upward lightning. Only when the main negative area is lower than the threshold, the steady accumulation of electric charge will cause the flash originating. This may charge far away from the earth, and the cloud charge accumulation effects are greater than the increasing process of the electric field in the cloud for building sophisticated growth effects of electric field. As the main negative charge accumulates, the lightning starting conditions are firstly met in the cloud, initiating flashes in the clouds.
- upward negative cloud-to-ground lightning;
- numerical simulation;
- charge structure;
- discharge characteristics

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References(42)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Diagram of dipolar charge structure in thunderstorm clouds (from Reference [35])

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图 2 主负电荷区不同高度的闪电通道结构及放电前电位分布

(实线和虚线分别代表正、负电位等值线，单位：MV；彩色代表闪电通道发展步数)

Fig. 2 Lightning channel structure and potential distribution at different heights in the main negative charge zone before discharge

(solid and dashed lines denote the positive and negative potential contours, unit:MV; the color denotes the sequence of lightning channel development)

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图 3 主负电荷区不同水平范围的闪电通道结构及放电前电位分布

(实线和虚线分别代表正、负电位等值线，单位：MV；彩色代表闪电通道发展步数)

Fig. 3 Lightning channel structure and potential distribution map in different horizontal ranges of the main and negative charge zone before discharge

(solid and dotted lines denote the positive and negative potential contours, unit:MV; the color denotes the sequence of lightning channel development step)

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图 4 有利于上行负地闪发展的主负电荷区高度与电荷浓度以及云中电场极值

(离散点为有利于自持型上行负地闪的参数点，彩色为对应参数下的云中最强电场)

Fig. 4 The height and charge concentration of the main negative charge region and the extreme value of electric field in cloud for the development of upward negative cloud-to-ground lightning

(the discrete point is the parameter point which is beneficial to self-sustaining up-going ground flashover, the color is the strongest electric field in space under corresponding parameters)

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Table 1 Geometrical and electrical parameters of thunderstorm clouds

电荷区	ρ₀/(nC·m^-3)	z₀/km	r_x/km	r_z/km
S区	-1.0	9.5	4.0	1.0
P区	2.2	7.0	4.0	1.5
N区	0.8~3.6	2.5~4.0	3.0~4.5	1.5

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Table 2 Charge background and other parameters for upward negative cloud-to-ground lightning development in the main negative charge area at different heights

案例	主负电荷区z₀/km	主负电荷区ρ₀/(nC·m^-3)	云中电场强度极值/(kV·m^-1)	地面建筑高度电场/(kV·m^-1)	闪电通道总步长/km
UNL1	3.75	2.5	139.3	15.4	20.19
UNL2	3.5	1.8	124.2	15.2	12.56
UNL3	3.2	1.3	127.5	15.4	8.12
UNL4	3.0	1.2	129.5	15.6	8.93

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Table 3 Charge background and other parameters for upward negative cloud-to-ground lightning development in the main negative charge area for different horizontal ranges

案例编号	主负电荷区r_x/km	主负电荷区ρ₀/(nC·m^-3)	云中电场最大值/(kV·m^-1)	地面建筑高度电场/(kV·m^-1)	闪电通道总步长/km
UNL2	3.0	1.8	124.2	15.2	12.56
UNL5	3.25	1.7	124.2	15.2	11.91
UNL6	3.5	1.6	124.2	15.0	11.54
UNL7	4.0	1.5	124.1	15.3	12.66
UNL8	4.25	1.4	123.9	15.9	14.77

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