Vol.33, NO.2, 2022
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2022  >  33(2): 142-154
Liu Chunwen, Guo Xueliang, Duan Wei, et al. Observation and analysis of microphysical characteristics of stratiform clouds with embedded convections in Yunnan. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(2): 142-154. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20220202.
Citation: Liu Chunwen, Guo Xueliang, Duan Wei, et al. Observation and analysis of microphysical characteristics of stratiform clouds with embedded convections in Yunnan. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(2): 142-154. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20220202.
shu

Observation and Analysis of Microphysical Characteristics of Stratiform Clouds with Embedded Convections in Yunnan

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220202
  • 1.

    Yunnan Weather Modification Center, Kunming 650034

  • 2.

    Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029

  • 3.

    Yunnan Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Kunming 650034

  • Received Date: 2021-10-19
  • Rev Recd Date: 2021-12-21
  • Publish Date: 2022-03-31
    Abstract
  • observation is an important mean to obtain cloud physical information, which is important for weather modification research and operation. In China, aircraft observation research on cloud microphysical characteristics is mainly carried out in the northern region, seldom in the southwestern region. Yunnan is a low-latitude plateau with complex topography and distinct weather and climate. The aircraft cloud physical detection equipment in Yunnan is put into use since 2017, and it carried domestic laser cloud particle probes, including cloud particle spectrometer probe, cloud particle imager probe, and precipitation particle imager probe.The aircraft can obtain the size and number of cloud particles and precipitation particles at different resolutions of 2-6200 μm, as well as 25-6200 μm particle images.The mixed cloud observations of cumulonimbus and stratiform clouds from Yun-12 and King Air-E350 aircraft in Yunnan during 2017-2020 are analyzed. Data of 76 flights are obtained, with the maximum flight altitude of 6946 m (ambient temperature -14℃). The cloud vertical structure is observed by descending and ascending flights. The results show that the number concentration of cloud particles is much higher than that in northern China. The average number concentration of cloud particles (2-50 μm) is 339.7 cm-3 with a maximum value of 1067.6 cm-3; the average water content is 0.181 g·m-3, and the maximum is 2.827 g·m-3; the average effective diameter of cloud particles is 11.2 μm and the maximum is 34.6 μm. The cloud particles have a negative exponential size distribution with double peaks. The first peak is located at 4 μm and the second peak is at 10 μm. The cloud particle number concentration, water content and extinction coefficient show obvious layered distribution characteristics with height, but the effective particle diameter doesn't change much.The reflectivity factor is maximum at the height of 3.4 km.In the warm cloud region, the average water content of rain drops with diameter from 200 to 1500 μm is 0.183 g·m-3 with a maximum value of 4.247 g·m-3. The average water content of rain particles in the range of 200-6000 μm is 0.406 g·m-3 with the maximum of 8.917 g·m-3.In Yunnan, the spectral width of cloud particles becomes wider with the increase of cloud water content.With the outbreak and establishment of the Southwest Summer Monsoon, the small cloud particles increase, and the large cloud particles decrease in the warm area of cloud. It is helpful to improve the efficiency of artificial precipitation enhancement by carrying out warm cloud artificial precipitation enhancement.
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  • Fig. 1  Number of flights in Yunnan from 2017 to 2020

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    Fig. 2  Size distributions of cloud particles detected by CIP and PIP from 2017 to 2020

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    Fig. 3  Size distributions of averaged cloud particles detected by CDP under different water contents

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    Fig. 4  Vertical distributions of number concentration, water content and average effective diameter of the cloud particle detected by CDP from 2017 to 2020

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    Fig. 5  Vertical distributions of mean radar reflectivity factor and extinction coefficient of the cloud particle detected by CDP from 2017 to 2020

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    Fig. 6  Percentage diagram of effective particle diameter distribution for cloud particle water content between 0.05 g·m-3 and 0.5 g·m-3 during Apr-Jul from 2017 to 2020

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    Fig. 7  Size distributions of cloud particles detected by CIP and PIP during Apr-Jun from 2017 to 2020

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    Table  1  Statistical characteristics of cloud from 2017 to 2020

    云类 统计量 平均值 标准差 最小值 最大值
    所有云 含水量/(g·m-3) 0.181 0.238 0.001 2.827
    数浓度/cm-3 339.7 221.0 4.7 1067.6
    有效直径/μm 11.2 4.6 4.2 34.6
    云中观测高度/m 4413 1034 1246 6946
    零度层高度/m 4695 546 3693 5791
    暖区云 含水量/(g·m-3) 0.200 0.248 0.001 2.827
    数浓度/cm-3 354.1 225.4 4.7 1067.6
    有效直径(μm) 11.8 4.7 4.2 34.6
    云中观测高度(m) 4225 961 1246 5793
    冷区云 含水量/(g·m-3) 0.069 0.113 0.001 1.860
    数浓度/cm-3 253.6 168.7 7.7 706.1
    有效直径/μm 8.0 2.3 4.2 24.1
    云中观测高度/m 5541 670 3693 6946
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    Table  2  Microphysical properties in cold clouds detected by CDP for 12 flights

    日期 样本点数 数浓度/cm-3 含水量/(g·m-3) 有效直径/μm
    平均值 最大值 平均值 最大值 平均值 最大值
    2018-03-17 998 433 704 0.132 0.475 8.8 22.3
    2018-03-23 112 385 669 0.216 0.670 10.3 13.4
    2018-04-19 72 206 389 0.017 0.051 5.5 6.8
    2019-03-20 473 418 647 0.062 0.189 7.1 9.8
    2019-04-21 25 417 624 0.059 0.164 6.4 8.9
    2019-06-01 827 242 427 0.030 0.093 6.6 9.2
    2020-04-22 144 192 330 0.014 0.045 5.4 7.8
    2020-04-24 1915 263 706 0.083 1.276 7.9 18.6
    2020-04-25 1274 182 531 0.030 0.274 7.2 17.5
    2020-04-26 290 104 408 0.015 0.038 7.4 9.0
    2020-05-22 372 340 593 0.193 1.860 11.4 23.5
    2020-05-27 2349 182 530 0.054 0.537 8.5 24.1
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    Table  3  Statistics of cloud precipitation particle and precipitation particle in warm cloud from 2017 to 2020

    粒子类型 统计量 平均值 标准差 最小值 最大值
    含水量/(g·m-3) 0.183 0.293 0.001 4.247
    数浓度/cm-3 0.012 0.023 0.001 0.343
    云降水粒子 有效直径/μm 470.3 272.6 100.0 1425.4
    云高/m 3967 859 1201 5496
    云温/℃ 4.5 3.9 0.0 22.4
    含水量/(g·m-3) 0.406 0.857 0.004 8.917
    数浓度/cm-3 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.008
    降水粒子 有效直径/μm 817.5 623.1 200.0 3960.9
    云高/m 3800 1010 1165 5258
    云温/℃ 4.8 4.9 0.0 24.3
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    Table  4  Statistics of cloud particles during Apr-Jul from 2017 to 2020

    物理量 统计量 4月 5月 6月 7月
    探测高度/m 最小值 1577 2164 1245 2188
    最大值 6946 6648 6324 5615
    平均值 355 356 325 325
    数浓度/cm-3 标准差 229 214 212 223
    最大值 884 1067 982 945
    平均值 0.129 0.167 0.182 0.193
    含水量/(g·m-3) 标准差 0.179 0.208 0.254 0.248
    最大值 1.812 2.118 2.574 2.827
    平均值 9.0 9.5 11.0 12.4
    有效直径/μm 标准差 3.1 3.0 4.1 4.3
    最大值 29.6 24.0 34.1 32.6
    DownLoad: Download CSV
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    • Received : 2021-10-19
    • Accepted : 2021-12-21
    • Published : 2022-03-31
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