Response of Winter Wheat Tanmai 98 to Sowing Date Adjustments
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Abstract
Sowing date adjustments have been widely used for crop adaptation to climate change, but its impact on crop growth and development is still unclear. Based on field sowing date adjustment experiment of winter wheat Tanmai 98 in the northern part of North China Plain from 2017 to 2022, the responses of growth and development, yield formation and quality of Tanmai 98 are analyzed. The results show that delaying sowing date has no significant effect on the growth stage of overwintering stage and regreening stage of winter wheat. The total growth period is 256 days and 228 days for early sowing and late sowing based on the field experiment, and shortening 10 days to 8 days in turn, which is basically consistent with the interval of 10 d during sowing period. The shortening of whole growth period is mainly caused by the shortening of seedling growth period before overwintering. Late sowing date reduces effective panicles number and grain yield of Tanmai 98. The decrease rate of grain yield is 569.71 kg·hm-2·(10 d)-1 during the sowing date from 30 September to 30 October, but few significant effects are found on grain number and weight per spike. The delay of sowing date also affects the aboveground dry matter distribution of Tanmai 98 during maturity stage. The stem weight decreases with the delay of sowing date by 2.44%·(10 d)-1, but the spike of wheat increases by 2.44%·(10 d)-1. The harvest index increases with the delay of sowing date. The harvest index of S2, S3 and CK are all higher than 0.5000, while the harvest index of S1 is 0.4878. There is no significant effect on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain quality of Tanmai 98 by sowing date adjustments. Therefore, under the background of climate change, the winter wheat sowing date should be postponed in the northern part of the North China Plain from 1 October to 15 October. At the same time, the planting amount should be increased in steps, and basic seedlings should be increased, so as to offset the adverse effects of late sowing of wheat seedlings with fewer tillers and fewer panicle number, ensuring high yield. However, very late sowing date would still lead to yield reduction. The results provide information for the decision-making of winter wheat to climate change adaptation in the northern part of the North China Plain.
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