| 试验时段 | 开机次数 | 平均风速/(m·s-1) | 云类型 |
| 09-07T15:38—16:00 | 4 | 1.4 | 对流云 |
| 09-10T06:54—07:20 | 3 | 3.1 | 层状云 |
| 09-10T08:46—10:11 | 9 | 3.3 | 层状云 |
| 09-11T11:23—12:03 | 3 | 3.0 | 层状云 |
| 09-11T16:53—17:33 | 3 | 3.6 | 层状云 |
| Citation: | Sun Yue, Xiao Hui, Feng Qiang, et al. Rainfall Enhancement and Fog Dissipation Experiments in Wuling Mountain in 2020 using artificial strong sound wave. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(1): 90-102. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20240108.
|
Fig. 1 Location of temporary experiment site on the top of Wuling Mountain
(the box, the shaded denotes altitude) (a) and placement of observation instruments (A denotes the placement of artificial strong sound wave device on the ground platform, B denotes the placement of laser disdrometer and automatic weather station on the roof, C denotes the placement of fog droplet spectrometer and visibility meter; the blue arrow denotes the fog moving direction, the red arrow denotes the direction of artificial sound wave for fog dissipation) (b)
Fig. 1 Location of temporary experiment site on the top of Wuling Mountain
(the box, the shaded denotes altitude) (a) and placement of observation instruments (A denotes the placement of artificial strong sound wave device on the ground platform, B denotes the placement of laser disdrometer and automatic weather station on the roof, C denotes the placement of fog droplet spectrometer and visibility meter; the blue arrow denotes the fog moving direction, the red arrow denotes the direction of artificial sound wave for fog dissipation) (b)
Fig. 2 Sound pressure level varying with frequency and distance
Fig. 2 Sound pressure level varying with frequency and distance
Fig. 3 Directional images of sound pressure level of artificial strong sound wave device
Fig. 3 Directional images of sound pressure level of artificial strong sound wave device
Fig. 4 Visibility and fog size distribution parameters during fog dissipation experiments on 23 Aug 2020
(the numbered shaded area denotes sequential operation period)
Fig. 4 Visibility and fog size distribution parameters during fog dissipation experiments on 23 Aug 2020
(the numbered shaded area denotes sequential operation period)
Fig. 5 Fog droplet size distribution during four fog dissipation operation periods on 23 Aug 2020
Fig. 5 Fog droplet size distribution during four fog dissipation operation periods on 23 Aug 2020
Fig. 6 ERA5 surface wind in the surrounding area of Wuling Mountain during fog dissipation operations on 23 Aug 2020
(△ denotes Wuling Mountain, the blue vector denotes wind at 1800 BT, the red vector denotes wind at 1900 BT)
Fig. 6 ERA5 surface wind in the surrounding area of Wuling Mountain during fog dissipation operations on 23 Aug 2020
(△ denotes Wuling Mountain, the blue vector denotes wind at 1800 BT, the red vector denotes wind at 1900 BT)
Fig. 7 Examples of visibility changes during fog dissipation experiments in 2020
(the numbered shaded area denotes sequential operation period)
Fig. 7 Examples of visibility changes during fog dissipation experiments in 2020
(the numbered shaded area denotes sequential operation period)
Fig. 8 Relationship between wind speed of automatic weather station and visibility change for 21 fog dissipation operations from 27 Aug to 10 Sep in 2020
Fig. 8 Relationship between wind speed of automatic weather station and visibility change for 21 fog dissipation operations from 27 Aug to 10 Sep in 2020
Fig. 9 Rainfall intensity and raindrop size distribution before and after the first operations during rainfall enhancement experiments on 7 Sep 2020
(the numbered shaded area denotes sequential operation period)
Fig. 9 Rainfall intensity and raindrop size distribution before and after the first operations during rainfall enhancement experiments on 7 Sep 2020
(the numbered shaded area denotes sequential operation period)
Fig. 10 Rainfall intensity during rainfall enhancement experiments from 10 to 11 in Sep 2020
(the numbered shaded area denotes sequential operation period)
Fig. 10 Rainfall intensity during rainfall enhancement experiments from 10 to 11 in Sep 2020
(the numbered shaded area denotes sequential operation period)
Table 1 Information of wind and cloud during rainfall enhancement experiments in 2020
| 试验时段 | 开机次数 | 平均风速/(m·s-1) | 云类型 |
| 09-07T15:38—16:00 | 4 | 1.4 | 对流云 |
| 09-10T06:54—07:20 | 3 | 3.1 | 层状云 |
| 09-10T08:46—10:11 | 9 | 3.3 | 层状云 |
| 09-11T11:23—12:03 | 3 | 3.0 | 层状云 |
| 09-11T16:53—17:33 | 3 | 3.6 | 层状云 |
DownLoad: Download CSV
Table 1 Information of wind and cloud during rainfall enhancement experiments in 2020
| 试验时段 | 开机次数 | 平均风速/(m·s-1) | 云类型 |
| 09-07T15:38—16:00 | 4 | 1.4 | 对流云 |
| 09-10T06:54—07:20 | 3 | 3.1 | 层状云 |
| 09-10T08:46—10:11 | 9 | 3.3 | 层状云 |
| 09-11T11:23—12:03 | 3 | 3.0 | 层状云 |
| 09-11T16:53—17:33 | 3 | 3.6 | 层状云 |
DownLoad: Download CSV
| [1] |
Xiao H, Shu W X, Fu D H, et al. A review on the effect of sound waves upon the coalescence of aerosol and cloud and fog particles. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(3): 257-271. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210301
|
| [2] |
Mednikov E P, Larrick C V. Acoustic Coagulation and Precipitation of Aerosols. New York: Consultants Bureau, 1965: 1-180.
|
| [3] |
Wu X L. The Theoretical and Experimental Study on Acoustic Agglomerattion of Fine Particles. Changsha: Graduate School of National University of Defense Technology, 2014.
|
| [4] |
Dianov D B, Podolskii A A, Turubarov V I. Calculation of the hydrodynamic interaction of aerosol particles in a sound field under Oseen flow conditions. Sov Phys Acoust, 1968, 13(3): 314-319.
|
| [5] |
Zhou D, Luo Z Y, Fang M X, et al. Numerical calculation of particle movement in sound wave fields and experimental verification through high-speed photography. Appl Energy, 2017, 185: 2245-2250. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.02.006
|
| [6] |
Xu H B. Practice and Theory Hail Suppression in China. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2021.
|
| [7] |
Volk M, Moroz W J. Sonic agglomeration of aerosol particles. Water Air Soil Pollut, 1976, 5(3): 319-334. doi: 10.1007/BF00158347
|
| [8] |
Rajendran N, Wegrzyn J, Cheng M T, et al. Acoustic precipitation of aerosol under standing-wave condition. J Aerosol Sci, 1979, 10(3): 329-338. doi: 10.1016/0021-8502(79)90048-X
|
| [9] |
Chou K H, Lee P S, Wegrzyn J, et al. Aerosol deposition in acoustically induced turbulent flow. Atmos Environ, 1967, 1982, 16(6): 1513-1522.
|
| [10] |
Tiwary R, Reethof G. Hydrodynamic interaction of spherical aerosol particles in a high intensity acoustic field. J Sound Vib, 1986, 108(1): 33-49. doi: 10.1016/S0022-460X(86)80309-1
|
| [11] |
Hoffmann T L, Koopmann G H. Visualization of acoustic particle interaction and agglomeration: Theory evaluation. J Acoust Soc Am, 1997, 101(6): 3421-3429. doi: 10.1121/1.418352
|
| [12] |
Riera-Franco de Sarabia E, Gallego-Juárez J A, Acosta-Aparicio V M, et al. Acoustic agglomeration of submicron particles in diesel exhausts: First results of the influence of humidity at two acoustic frequencies. J Aerosol Sci, 2000, 31: 827-828. doi: 10.1016/S0021-8502(00)90837-1
|
| [13] |
Liu J Z, Zhang G X, Zhou J H, et al. Experimental study of acoustic agglomeration of coal-fired fly ash particles at low frequencies. Powder Technol, 2009, 193(1): 20-25. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2009.02.002
|
| [14] |
Hoffmann T L, Koopmann G H. A new technique for visualization of acoustic particle agglomeration. Rev Sci Instrum, 1994, 65(5): 1527-1536. doi: 10.1063/1.1144887
|
| [15] |
Hoffmann T L. An extended kernel for acoustic agglomeration simulation based on the acoustic wake effect. J Aerosol Sci, 1997, 28(6): 919-936. doi: 10.1016/S0021-8502(96)00489-2
|
| [16] |
González I, Hoffmann T L, Gallego-Juárez J A. Theory and calculation of sound induced particle interactions of viscous origin. Acustica, 2000, 86(5): 784-797.
|
| [17] |
González I, Elvira L, Hoffmann T L, et al. Numerical study of the hydrodynamic interaction between aerosol particles due to the acoustic wake effect. Acta Acust U Acust, 2001, 87(4): 454-460.
|
| [18] |
Zhang G X, Zhang L L, Wang J Q, et al. A new model for the acoustic wake effect in aerosol acoustic agglomeration processes. Appl Math Model, 2018, 61: 124-140. doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2018.03.027
|
| [19] |
Zhang G X, Wang J Q, Chi Z H, et al. Acoustic agglomeration with addition of sprayed liquid droplets: Three-dimensional discrete element modeling and experimental verification. Chem Eng Sci, 2018, 187: 342-353. doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.05.012
|
| [20] |
Zhang G X, Zhang L L, Wang J Q, et al. A new multiple-time-step three-dimensional discrete element modeling of aerosol acoustic agglomeration. Powder Technol, 2018, 323: 393-402. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.10.036
|
| [21] |
Zhang G X, Ma Z F, Shen J, et al. Experimental study on eliminating fire smokes using acoustic agglomeration technology. J Hazard Mater, 2020, 382: 121089. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121089
|
| [22] |
Wei R J, Zhang X R, Wang Y J. Aerosol agglomeration due to forces in sound field. J Nanjing Univ(Nat Sci Ed), 1964, 8(2): 249-265.
|
| [23] |
Zhang X R, Gan C M, Wei R J. Sonic dissipation of water fog-A preliminary experimental study. J Nanjing Univ(Nat Sci Ed), 1963, 7(5): 21-28.
|
| [24] |
Gu Z C. Physical Basis of Cloud Precipitation. Beijing: Science Press, 1980.
|
| [25] |
Hou S Q, Wu J, Xi B S. Experiments on acoustic dissipation of water fog at low frequency. Exp Meas Fluid Mech, 2002, 16(4): 52-56. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9897.2002.04.010
|
| [26] |
Shi Y, Wei J H, Li Q, et al. Investigation of vertical microphysical characteristics of precipitation under the action of low-frequency acoustic waves. Atmos Res, 2021, 249: 105283. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105283
|
| [27] |
Wang Q, Li J, Fan M Y, et al. Microphysical structure and evolution characteristics of an advection-radiation fog event in Jinan. Meteor Mon, 2019, 45(9): 1299-1309.
|
| [28] |
Wang J, Wang W Q, Wang H, et al. Hydrometeor particle characteristics during a late summer hailstorm in northern Shandong. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(3): 370-384. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210309
|
| [29] |
Huang Z W, Peng S Y, Zhang H R, et al. Characteristics of raindrop size distribution at Anxi of Fujian. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(2): 205-217. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220207
|
| [30] |
Hu S P, Lin W, Lin C C, et al. Physical inspection of randomized trial for the artificial rain enhancement experiment at Gutian from 2014 to 2022. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2023, 34(6): 706-716. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20230606
|
| [31] |
Ge L L, Lü G Z, Zhao G X, et al. Seasonal distribution characteristics of raindrop spectrum in Taiyuan. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2023, 34(4): 489-502. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20230409
|
| [32] |
Sun Q H, Ma H B, Qi Y B, et al. Distribution characteristics of raindrop spectrum at Changbai Mountain foothills in summer of 2021. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2023, 34(3): 336-347. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20230307
|
| [33] |
Wang J, Zheng L N, Wang H, et al. Statistical characteristics and regional differences of raindrop size distribution during 6 typhoon rainstorms in Shandong. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2023, 34(4): 475-488. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20230408
|
| [34] |
Luo L, Xiao H, Yang H L, et al. Raindrop size distribution and microphysical characteristics of a great rainstorm in 2016 in Beijing, China. Atmos Res, 2020, 239: 104895. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.104895
|
| [35] |
Wang J, Yao Z Y, Hou S M, et al. The characteristics of raindrop size distribution in two rainstorms with extreme rainfall rates in summer in Shandong Province. Chinese J Atmos Sci, 2023, 47(2): 311-326.
|
| [36] |
Ding J F, Tian W S, Xiao H, et al. Raindrop size distribution and microphysical features of the extremely severe rainstorm on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou, China. Atmos Res, 2023, 289: 106739.
|
| [37] |
Song C, Zhou Y Q, Wu Z H. Vertical profiles of raindrop size distribution observed by micro rain radar. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2019, 30(4): 479-490. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20190408
|
| [38] |
Chang Y, Guo X L, Tang J, et al. Microphysical characteristics and precipitation formation mechanisms of convective clouds over the Tibetan Plateau in summer. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(6): 720-734. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210607
|
Figures(20) / Tables(2)
