Vol.35, NO.5, 2024
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2024  >  35(5): 590-605
Guo Feiyan, Ding Feng, Chu Yingjia, et al. Comparison of two damaging wind events caused by strong downbursts. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(5): 590-605. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20240507.
Citation: Guo Feiyan, Ding Feng, Chu Yingjia, et al. Comparison of two damaging wind events caused by strong downbursts. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(5): 590-605. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20240507.
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Comparison of Two Damaging Wind Events Caused by Strong Downbursts

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20240507
  • 1.

    Qingdao Meteorological Bureau, Qingdao 266003

  • 2.

    Jinan Meteorological Bureau of Shandong, Jinan 250031

  • Received Date: 2024-05-13
  • Rev Recd Date: 2024-07-26
  • Publish Date: 2024-09-30
    Abstract
  • Multi-source observations are used to comprehensively analyze the Doppler weather radar characteristics of strong storms and the formation mechanisms of surface damaging wind induced by two strong downbursts, occurred in Shandong on 2 June 2017 and 6 August 2017. It's found that two damaging wind events occurs under strong synoptic scale weather system forcing and favorable meso-scale environmental conditions, the relatively isolated supercell storm on 2 June (6·2 supercell) and strong single storm on 6 August (8·6 strong single storm) fiercely develop into series of downbursts, which leads to the occurrence of large-scale damaging winds. As two strong downbursts induced by 6·2 supercell storm and 8·6 strong single storm evolves, the vertically integrated liquid water content radar parameter first rises and then quickly plunges down. During 6·2 supercell storm, a powerful downburst descends sharply, causing the mesocyclone's top and bottom to shoal and its thickness to decrease. The occurrence of two strong downbursts are accompanied by obvious radar characteristics including reflective factor core rapid decline, high value area of radial velocity at low elevation, strong divergence at bottom, remarkable mid altitude radial convergence and severe divergence at upper-level. 6·2 supercell storm is characterized by intense rotation. Its mesocyclone lasts for a long time and extends deeply both upwards and downwards. Additionally, there are arc-shaped inflow notches and hook echoes at low levels of 6·2 supercell storm. 8·6 strong single storm is characterized by significant low-level convergence. Besides, there is a convergence zone at or near the surface formed by the outflow of the strong downburst and the inflow in front of 8·6 strong single storm. Among all the formation mechanisms of two damaging winds induced by two strong downbursts, the negative buoyancy effect of two storms is basically equivalent, but the cold pool outflow effect is more evident for 6·2 supercell storm, and the downward transport momentum effect is more significant for 8·6 strong single storm. The Nansun Station of Weifang locating right ahead of 8·6 strong single storm's approaching direction, therefore the front divergence flow from the strong downbursts is preferable superimposed on the fast moving homodromous storm, indicating the speed of the front divergence flow better superimposes on the speed of the storm itself, which is crucial for the occurrence of 37.0 m·s-1 extreme wind.
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  • Fig. 1  Distributions for the wind speed no less than 8 degree (no less than 17.2 m·s-1) in Shandong from 1700 BT 2 Jun to 0200 BT 3 Jun(a) and from 1800 BT 6 Aug to 0200 BT 7 Aug(b) in 2017

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    Fig. 1  Distributions for the wind speed no less than 8 degree (no less than 17.2 m·s-1) in Shandong from 1700 BT 2 Jun to 0200 BT 3 Jun(a) and from 1800 BT 6 Aug to 0200 BT 7 Aug(b) in 2017

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    Fig. 2  Composite reflectivity of Jinan Radar at 1700 BT(a), 1753 BT(b), 1839 BT(c), 2001 BT(d) on 2 Jun 2017 and that of Weifang Radar at 1701 BT(e), 1800 BT(f), 1858 BT(g), 1940 BT(h) on 6 Aug 2017

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    Fig. 2  Composite reflectivity of Jinan Radar at 1700 BT(a), 1753 BT(b), 1839 BT(c), 2001 BT(d) on 2 Jun 2017 and that of Weifang Radar at 1701 BT(e), 1800 BT(f), 1858 BT(g), 1940 BT(h) on 6 Aug 2017

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    Fig. 3  Evolution of 6·2 supercell storm(a) and 8·6 strong single storm(b) structures

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    Fig. 3  Evolution of 6·2 supercell storm(a) and 8·6 strong single storm(b) structures

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    Fig. 4  Reflectivity at 2.4° elevation(a) and radial velocity at 0.5° elevation(b), 6.0° elevation(c), 9.0° elevation(d) of Jinan Radar at 1845 BT 2 Jun 2017 (the blue dashed line, the blue solid line and the blue dotted line denote 45, 55 dBZ and 60 dBZ isolines of reflectivity, respecitvely)

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    Fig. 4  Reflectivity at 2.4° elevation(a) and radial velocity at 0.5° elevation(b), 6.0° elevation(c), 9.0° elevation(d) of Jinan Radar at 1845 BT 2 Jun 2017 (the blue dashed line, the blue solid line and the blue dotted line denote 45, 55 dBZ and 60 dBZ isolines of reflectivity, respecitvely)

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    Fig. 5  Reflectivity factor at 1.5° elevation and radial velocity at 0.5°, 6.0°, 14.6°elevation of Weifang Radar at 1858 BT and 1904 BT on 6 Aug 2017 (the blue dashed line and the blue solid line denote 45 dBZ and 55 dBZ isolines of reflectivity factor, respecitvely) (a)1.5° elevation reflectivity factor at 1858 BT, (b)1.5° elevation reflectivity factor at 1904 BT, (c)0.5° elevation radial velocity at 1858 BT,(d)0.5° elevation radial velocity at 1904 BT,(e)6.0° elevation radial velocity at 1858 BT,(f)6.0° elevation radial velocity at 1904 BT, (g)14.6° elevation radial velocity at 1858 BT,(h)14.6° elevation radial velocity at 1904 BT

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    Fig. 5  Reflectivity factor at 1.5° elevation and radial velocity at 0.5°, 6.0°, 14.6°elevation of Weifang Radar at 1858 BT and 1904 BT on 6 Aug 2017 (the blue dashed line and the blue solid line denote 45 dBZ and 55 dBZ isolines of reflectivity factor, respecitvely) (a)1.5° elevation reflectivity factor at 1858 BT, (b)1.5° elevation reflectivity factor at 1904 BT, (c)0.5° elevation radial velocity at 1858 BT,(d)0.5° elevation radial velocity at 1904 BT,(e)6.0° elevation radial velocity at 1858 BT,(f)6.0° elevation radial velocity at 1904 BT, (g)14.6° elevation radial velocity at 1858 BT,(h)14.6° elevation radial velocity at 1904 BT

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    Fig. 6  Cross-sections of horizontal reflectivity factor and radial velocity along 236.6° radial direction of Jinan Radar on 2 Jun 2017 and along 24° radial direction of Weifang Radar on 6 Aug 2017 (black, red and blue horizontal solid lines denote heights of the 0 ℃ layer, -10 ℃ layer and -20 ℃ layer, respectively) (a)reflectivity factor cross-section of Jinan Radar at 1833 BT 2 Jun,(b)reflectivity factor cross-section of Jinan Radar at 1839 BT 2 Jun,(c)reflectivity factor cross-section of Jinan Radar at 1845 BT 2 Jun,(d)radial velocity cross-sections of Jinan Radar at 1833 BT 2 Jun, (e)radial velocity cross-section of Jinan Radar at 1839 BT 2 Jun,(f)radial velocity cross-section of Jinan Radar at 1845 BT 2 Jun, (g)reflectivity factor cross-section of Weifang Radar at 1853 BT 6 Aug,(h)reflectivity factor cross-section of Weifang Radar at 1858 BT 6 Aug, (i)reflectivity factor cross-section of Weifang Radar at 1904 BT 6 Aug,(j)radial velocity cross-section of Weifang Radar at 1853 BT 6 Aug, (k)radial velocity cross-section of Weifang Radar at 1958 BT 6 Aug,(l)radial velocity cross-section of Weifang Radar at 1904 BT 6 Aug

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    Fig. 6  Cross-sections of horizontal reflectivity factor and radial velocity along 236.6° radial direction of Jinan Radar on 2 Jun 2017 and along 24° radial direction of Weifang Radar on 6 Aug 2017 (black, red and blue horizontal solid lines denote heights of the 0 ℃ layer, -10 ℃ layer and -20 ℃ layer, respectively) (a)reflectivity factor cross-section of Jinan Radar at 1833 BT 2 Jun,(b)reflectivity factor cross-section of Jinan Radar at 1839 BT 2 Jun,(c)reflectivity factor cross-section of Jinan Radar at 1845 BT 2 Jun,(d)radial velocity cross-sections of Jinan Radar at 1833 BT 2 Jun, (e)radial velocity cross-section of Jinan Radar at 1839 BT 2 Jun,(f)radial velocity cross-section of Jinan Radar at 1845 BT 2 Jun, (g)reflectivity factor cross-section of Weifang Radar at 1853 BT 6 Aug,(h)reflectivity factor cross-section of Weifang Radar at 1858 BT 6 Aug, (i)reflectivity factor cross-section of Weifang Radar at 1904 BT 6 Aug,(j)radial velocity cross-section of Weifang Radar at 1853 BT 6 Aug, (k)radial velocity cross-section of Weifang Radar at 1958 BT 6 Aug,(l)radial velocity cross-section of Weifang Radar at 1904 BT 6 Aug

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    Fig. 7  Spatial distribution of surface temperature (the isoline, unit:℃) at 1830 BT(a), 1840BT(b), 1845 BT(c) on 2 Jun 2017 and 1850 BT(d), 1900 BT(e),1905 BT(f) on 6 Aug 2017 and composite reflectivity factor and storm locations of Jinan Radar (1828 BT, 1839 BT, 1845 BT) and Weifang Radar (1847 BT, 1858 BT, 1904 BT) (green solid circles denote locations of 6·2 supercell storm and 8·6 strong storm paths, respectively)

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    Fig. 7  Spatial distribution of surface temperature (the isoline, unit:℃) at 1830 BT(a), 1840BT(b), 1845 BT(c) on 2 Jun 2017 and 1850 BT(d), 1900 BT(e),1905 BT(f) on 6 Aug 2017 and composite reflectivity factor and storm locations of Jinan Radar (1828 BT, 1839 BT, 1845 BT) and Weifang Radar (1847 BT, 1858 BT, 1904 BT) (green solid circles denote locations of 6·2 supercell storm and 8·6 strong storm paths, respectively)

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    Fig. 8  Time Series of temperature, precipitation per minute, maximum instantaneous wind at Lepingpu County of Chiping, Shandong on 2 Jun 2017(a) and at Nansun County of Weifang, Shandong on 6 Aug 2017(b)

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    Fig. 8  Time Series of temperature, precipitation per minute, maximum instantaneous wind at Lepingpu County of Chiping, Shandong on 2 Jun 2017(a) and at Nansun County of Weifang, Shandong on 6 Aug 2017(b)

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    • Received : 2024-05-13
    • Accepted : 2024-07-26
    • Published : 2024-09-30
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