Water-nitrogen Managements for Spring Maize at Tuquan, Inner Mongolia Based on APSIM

Guo Erjing; Yang Feiyun; Wu Lu; Sun Shuang; Gao Jiabao; Zhang Chaoqun; Zhang Ling

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20240510

Vol.35, NO.5, 2024

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Guo Erjing, Yang Feiyun, Wu Lu, et al. Water-nitrogen managements for spring maize at Tuquan, Inner Mongolia based on APSIM. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(5): 629-640. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20240510.

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Guo Erjing, Yang Feiyun, Wu Lu, et al. Water-nitrogen managements for spring maize at Tuquan, Inner Mongolia based on APSIM. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(5): 629-640. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20240510.

Guo Erjing, Yang Feiyun, Wu Lu, et al. Water-nitrogen managements for spring maize at Tuquan, Inner Mongolia based on APSIM. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(5): 629-640. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20240510.

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Water-nitrogen Managements for Spring Maize at Tuquan, Inner Mongolia Based on APSIM

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20240510

1.
China Meteorological Administration Training Center, Beijing 100081
2.
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081
3.
Tuquan Meteorological Bureau, Hinggan League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hinggan League 137500

Received Date: 2024-05-16
Rev Recd Date: 2024-07-30
Publish Date: 2024-09-30

Abstract

Abstract

Water and nitrogen are critical factors that constrain the sustainable production of dryland agriculture. With increasingly severe crisis of water and nitrogen resources and environment, exploring and optimizing water-nitrogen managements, and hence achieving coordinated and unified resource conservation, high and stable grain production, and high efficiency are of great significance for agricultural development. Key parameters of APSIM (agricultural production system simulator) are calibrated and validated based on spring maize phenology, yield, and field management data from Tuquan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2022. Combined with meteorological data from 1981 to 2022 at Tuquan, water-nitrogen management scenarios are designed under different water deficit levels. Optimal water-nitrogen managements for spring maize at Tuquan are proposed based on indicators including spring maize yield, irrigation amount, nitrogen application amount, water productivity, and agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen. Furthermore, the suitable irrigation and nitrogen application amounts for spring maize under different precipitation year types are analyzed. Results show that normalized root mean squared errors of the simulated and observed days from emergence to flowering, days from emergence to maturity, and yield of spring maize are 1.3%, 1.2% and 2.8%, respectively. APSIM can quantitatively simulate the growth period and yield of spring maize. Based on the principle that yield, water productivity, and agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen of spring maize do not significantly decrease compared to the maximum values of all scenarios, and irrigation and nitrogen application amounts do not significantly increase compared to the minimum values of all scenarios, four management measures with no significant differences can be selected, namely, starting automatic irrigation when water deficit reaches 40%, 50%, 60% at the depth of 0-100 cm, and when the water deficit reaches 60% at the depth of 0-60 cm. Among them, the optimal auto-irrigation management for spring maize at Tuquan is to apply irrigation when the water deficit reaches 60% at the depth of 0-100 cm. In this scenario, the irrigation amount is 171.0 mm, and the nitrogen application amount is 197.8 kg·hm^-2. When the precipitation during the spring maize growing season is 200-400 mm, the appropriate irrigation amount is 233.0-283.5 mm, and the nitrogen application amount is 176.9-219.3 kg·hm^-2. When the precipitation during the spring maize growing season is 401-600 mm, the appropriate irrigation amount is 110.5-148.4 mm, and the nitrogen application amount is 218.3-241.5 kg·hm^-2, respectively. When the precipitation during the spring maize growing season is 601-800 mm, the suitable irrigation amount is 125.0-155.0 mm, and the nitrogen application amount is 211.8-249.9 kg·hm^-2. This study provides a quantitative reference for utilizing crop mechanism models in real-time monitoring, diagnosis, and precise management of crop water and nitrogen.
- spring maize;
- yield;
- water productivity;
- agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen;
- water-nitrogen management

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References(46)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Climate resources at Tuquan Agrometeorological Observation Station of Inner Mongolia from 1981 to 2022

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Fig. 1 Climate resources at Tuquan Agrometeorological Observation Station of Inner Mongolia from 1981 to 2022

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Fig. 2 Comparison and validation of simulated and observed growth duration and yield of spring maize from 2016 to 2022

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Fig. 2 Comparison and validation of simulated and observed growth duration and yield of spring maize from 2016 to 2022

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Fig. 3 Average yield and high stability coefficient of spring maize under different scenarios

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Fig. 3 Average yield and high stability coefficient of spring maize under different scenarios

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Fig. 4 Spring maize water productivity and agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen under different scenarios

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Fig. 4 Spring maize water productivity and agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen under different scenarios

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Table 1 Specific values of APSIM key parameters after parameter adjustment

描述	单位	参数值
出苗到拔节期结束的有效积温	出苗到拔节期结束的有效积温>℃·d	出苗到拔节期结束的有效积温>210
孕穗期到开花的有效积温	℃·d	10
开花到灌浆的有效积温	℃·d	10
开花到成熟的有效积温	℃·d	730
最适光周期	h	12.5
光周期最大临界值	h	24.0
光周期斜率	℃·h^-1	0.0
每株最大籽粒数		650
每平方米茎秆重	g	120
植株高度	mm	3000

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Table 1 Specific values of APSIM key parameters after parameter adjustment

描述	单位	参数值
出苗到拔节期结束的有效积温	出苗到拔节期结束的有效积温>℃·d	出苗到拔节期结束的有效积温>210
孕穗期到开花的有效积温	℃·d	10
开花到灌浆的有效积温	℃·d	10
开花到成熟的有效积温	℃·d	730
最适光周期	h	12.5
光周期最大临界值	h	24.0
光周期斜率	℃·h^-1	0.0
每株最大籽粒数		650
每平方米茎秆重	g	120
植株高度	mm	3000

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Table 2 Variations in spring maize yield, water productivity and agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen under different scenarios

土壤剖面深度/cm	土壤水分亏缺程度/%	单产/ (kg·hm^-2)	高稳系数	灌溉量/ mm	施氮量/ (kg·hm^-2)	水分生产力/ (kg·hm^-2·mm^-1)	氮肥农学效率/ (kg·kg^-1)
0~200	10	13035.2	0.82	319.8	293.5	16.4	22.0
	20	12343.3	0.77	219.3^*	214.1^*	18.2	26.2
	30	11252.9	0.68	170.2^*	189.5^*	18.2	26.5
	40	9807.3^*	0.54	131.2^*	154.8^*	17.0	26.8^*
	50	8307.9^*	0.39	94.1^*	137.7^*	15.5	24.6
	60	6661.1^*	0.22	58.3^*	112.4^*	13.1^*	23.2
0~100	10	13230.2	0.83	358.3	317.8	15.7	19.8
	20	13044.2	0.82	279.8^*	279.3	17.4	22.7
	30	12777.1	0.80	242.4^*	247.1^*	18.1	24.8^*
	40	12458.1	0.78	214.6^*	224.7^*	18.6	25.3^*
	50	12016.8	0.74	193.2^*	217.2^*	18.6	25.8^*
	60	11519.0	0.69	171.0^*	197.8^*	18.6	24.8^*
0~60	10	13292.6	0.83	379.8	335.1	15.3	18.6
	20	13122.6	0.82	301.5^*	279.4^*	16.9	22.3
	30	12974.9	0.81	264.1^*	262.4^*	17.8	23.9^*
	40	12744.2	0.79	241.0^*	249.7^*	18.1^*	24.7^*
	50	12483.6	0.77	218.8^*	241.9^*	18.4^*	24.8^*
	60	12210.3	0.75	206.1^*	226.6^*	18.4^*	24.2^*
注：*表示与同一土壤剖面深度下土壤水分亏缺程度为10%情景的差异达到0.05显著性水平。

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Table 2 Variations in spring maize yield, water productivity and agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen under different scenarios

土壤剖面深度/cm	土壤水分亏缺程度/%	单产/ (kg·hm^-2)	高稳系数	灌溉量/ mm	施氮量/ (kg·hm^-2)	水分生产力/ (kg·hm^-2·mm^-1)	氮肥农学效率/ (kg·kg^-1)
0~200	10	13035.2	0.82	319.8	293.5	16.4	22.0
	20	12343.3	0.77	219.3^*	214.1^*	18.2	26.2
	30	11252.9	0.68	170.2^*	189.5^*	18.2	26.5
	40	9807.3^*	0.54	131.2^*	154.8^*	17.0	26.8^*
	50	8307.9^*	0.39	94.1^*	137.7^*	15.5	24.6
	60	6661.1^*	0.22	58.3^*	112.4^*	13.1^*	23.2
0~100	10	13230.2	0.83	358.3	317.8	15.7	19.8
	20	13044.2	0.82	279.8^*	279.3	17.4	22.7
	30	12777.1	0.80	242.4^*	247.1^*	18.1	24.8^*
	40	12458.1	0.78	214.6^*	224.7^*	18.6	25.3^*
	50	12016.8	0.74	193.2^*	217.2^*	18.6	25.8^*
	60	11519.0	0.69	171.0^*	197.8^*	18.6	24.8^*
0~60	10	13292.6	0.83	379.8	335.1	15.3	18.6
	20	13122.6	0.82	301.5^*	279.4^*	16.9	22.3
	30	12974.9	0.81	264.1^*	262.4^*	17.8	23.9^*
	40	12744.2	0.79	241.0^*	249.7^*	18.1^*	24.7^*
	50	12483.6	0.77	218.8^*	241.9^*	18.4^*	24.8^*
	60	12210.3	0.75	206.1^*	226.6^*	18.4^*	24.2^*
注：*表示与同一土壤剖面深度下土壤水分亏缺程度为10%情景的差异达到0.05显著性水平。

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Table 3 Irrigation amount of spring maize for different precipitation year types under optimal managements (unit: mm)

降水量/mm	0~100 cm土壤剖面深度			0~60 cm土壤剖面深度
降水量/mm	水分亏缺程度为40%	水分亏缺程度为50%	水分亏缺程度为60%	水分亏缺程度为60%
200~400	283.5	261.0	233.0	279.0
401~600	148.4	126.8	110.5	137.4
601~800	155.0	145.0	125.0	130.0

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Table 3 Irrigation amount of spring maize for different precipitation year types under optimal managements (unit: mm)

降水量/mm	0~100 cm土壤剖面深度			0~60 cm土壤剖面深度
降水量/mm	水分亏缺程度为40%	水分亏缺程度为50%	水分亏缺程度为60%	水分亏缺程度为60%
200~400	283.5	261.0	233.0	279.0
401~600	148.4	126.8	110.5	137.4
601~800	155.0	145.0	125.0	130.0

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Table 4 Nitrogen application amount of spring maize for different precipitation year types under optimal managements (unit: kg·hm^-2)

降水量/mm	0~100 cm土壤剖面深度			0~60 cm土壤剖面深度为
降水量/mm	水分亏缺程度40%	水分亏缺程度为50%	水分亏缺程度为60%	水分亏缺程度为60%
200~400	219.3	198.9	176.9	210.2
401~600	230.3	237.0	218.3	241.5
601~800	225.1	211.7	211.8	249.9

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Table 4 Nitrogen application amount of spring maize for different precipitation year types under optimal managements (unit: kg·hm^-2)

降水量/mm	0~100 cm土壤剖面深度			0~60 cm土壤剖面深度为
降水量/mm	水分亏缺程度40%	水分亏缺程度为50%	水分亏缺程度为60%	水分亏缺程度为60%
200~400	219.3	198.9	176.9	210.2
401~600	230.3	237.0	218.3	241.5
601~800	225.1	211.7	211.8	249.9

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