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Wang Jiali, Zhang Renhe, Wang Yingchun. Characteristics of precipitation in beijing and the precipitation representativeness of Beijing Weather Observatory. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2012, 23(3): 265-273..
Citation: Wang Jiali, Zhang Renhe, Wang Yingchun. Characteristics of precipitation in beijing and the precipitation representativeness of Beijing Weather Observatory. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2012, 23(3): 265-273..
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Characteristics of Precipitation in Beijing and the Precipitation Representativeness of Beijing Weather Observatory

  • 1.

    State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029

  • 2.

    Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

  • 3.

    State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

  • 4.

    Institute of Urban Meteorology, CMA, Beijing 100089

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    Abstract
  • In order to investigate annual variations and characteristics of summer precipitation, Beijing is divided into four areas according to different land use and topographic height: The urban area (UA), suburban area (SA), north mountainous area (NMA), and south mountainous area (SMA). Results of cluster analysis based on monthly precipitation amount during 33 years verify the reasonability of the regional division. Using observed monthly rain-gauge measurements from 14 meteorological stations in Beijing, differences among four areas are investigated. Significant annual mean precipitation differences are observed among four areas, with the maximum precipitation amount observed in SA (620 mm), followed by UA and SMA, and the minimum precipitation amount observed in NMA (476 mm). In UA and SMA, the precipitation amount is similar, presenting a significant difference from SA and NMA. Precipitation amount in all the four areas shows a decreasing trend, with the highest decreasing rate observed in SA (47 mm/10 a), which passes the significance test at a significance level of 0.06, and the lowest decreasing rate observed in NMA (0.7 mm/10 a). Summer precipitation which accounts for 79.1% of the annual total amount in four areas is analyzed. Results show that UA and SMA have similar features, yet being significantly different from those in SA and NMA.Differences in precipitation between Beijing Weather Observation (BWO) and four areas are also investigated, and results show that BWO isn’t significantly different from UA and SMA in both annual and summer precipitation amount, but differences between BWO, NMA and SA are significant. Upon comparison of the statistics of root-mean-square error and correlation coefficient of precipitation between BWO and four areas, consistent results are obtained, which reveals that the representativeness of precipitation in BWO is good for UA and SMA, but is poor for NMA and SA. As a result, it suggests that some other stations should be selected in suburban and north mountainous areas to represent the characteristics of precipitation there. Together with BWO, these stations may better reflect the characteristics of precipitation variations over Beijing metropolitan area.
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  • Fig  1.   The distribution of 14 meteorological stations in Beijing

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    Fig  2.   Spatial distribution of annual mean precipitation amount during 1978—2010 in Beijing

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    Fig  3.   Variations in annual precipitation amount during 1978—2010 over four areas in Beijing

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    Fig  4.   Annual variations in precipitation differences between each of four areas in Beijing and Beijing Weather Observatory

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    Fig  5.   Monthly variations in precipitation at Beijing Weather Observatory and four areas in Beijing during 1978—2010

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    Fig  6.   Spatial distribution of summer mean precipitation amount in Beijing during 1978—2010

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    Fig  7.   Summer mean precipitation differences between four areas in Beijing and Beijing Weather Observatory during 1978—2010

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    Table  1   t test of differences in annual mean precipitation amount during 1978—2010 over four areas in Beijing

    区域 城区与郊区 城区与北部山区 城区与南部山区 郊区与北部山区 郊区与南部山区 南部山区与北部山区
    显著性水平 0.033 0.009 0.617 0.000 0.007 0.022
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    Table  2   t test of precipitation differences between Beijing Weather Observatory and four areas in Beijing during 1978—2010

    区域 t值 显著性水平
    城区 -0.357 0.723
    郊区 -2.404 0.019
    南部山区 -0.094 0.925
    北部山区 2.07 0.04
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    Table  3   t test of differences in summer mean precipitation amounts over four areas in Beijing during 1978—2010

    区域 t值 显著性水平
    城区与郊区 -1.12 0.264
    城区与北部山区 2.22 0.027
    城区与南部山区 0.43 0.668
    郊区与北部山区 -3.47 0.001
    郊区与南部山区 1.60 0.111
    南部山区与北部山区 -1.90 0.059
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    Table  4   Statistical results of annual and summer mean precipitation amounts between Beijing Weather Observatory and four areas in Beijing

    统计量 城区 郊区 北部山区 南部山区
    年降水量 夏季降水量 年降水量 夏季降水量 年降水量 夏季降水量 年降水量 夏季降水量
    均方根偏差/mm 61.5 5.0 109.0 15.0 130.0 24.0 103.3 6.7
    相关系数 0.907 0.997 0.880 0.999 0.598 0.970 0.700 0.992
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    • Received : 2011-06-25
    • Accepted : 2012-02-05
    • Published : 2012-06-29
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