[1] Rakov V A, Uman M A.Lightning:Physics and Effects.New York:Cambridge University Press, 2003.
[2] Rakov V A, Tran M D.The breakthrough phase of lightning attachment process:From collision of opposite-polarity streamers to hot-channel connection.Electric Power Systems Research, 2019, 173:122-134. doi:  10.1016/j.epsr.2019.03.018
[3] Golde R H.Lightning Protection.Edward Arnold, London, 1973: 26-30.
[4] Rakov V A, Lutz A O.A New Technique for Estimating Equivalent Attractive Radius for Downward Lightning Flashes//Proc 20th Int Conf on Lightning Protection, 1990: p.2.2.
[5] Berger K, Vogelsanger E.Photographische Blitzuntersuchungen der Jahre 1955-1965 auf dem Monte San Salvatore.Bull Schweiz Elektrotech Ver, 1966, 57:599-620.
[6] Warner T A.Upward Leader Development from Tall Towers in Response to Downward Stepped Leaders.International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Cagliari, Italy, 2010.
[7] Lu W, Zhang Y, Chen L, et al.Attachment Processes of Two Natural Downward Lightning Flashes Striking on High Structures.30th International Conference on Lightning Protection.Power and Energy Soc, Cagliari, Italy, 2010.
[8] Lu W, Chen L, Ma Y, et al.Lightning attachment process involving connection of the downward negative leader to the lateral surface of the upward connecting leader.Geophys Res Lett, 2013, 40(20):5531-5535. doi:  10.1002/2013GL058060
[9] Gao Y, Lu W, Ma Y, et al.Three-dimensional propagation characteristics of the upward connecting leaders in six negative tall-object flashes in Guangzhou.Atmos Res, 2014, 149:193-203, DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.06.008.
[10] Wang D, Gamerota W R, Uman M A, et al.Lightning attachment processes of an"anomalous" triggered lightning discharge.J Geophys Res Atmos, 2014, 119:1524-1533, DOI: 10.1002/2013JD020787.
[11] Jiang R, Qie X, Wang Z, et al.Characteristics of lightning leader propagation and ground attachment.J Geophys Res Atmos, 2015, 120:11988-12002.
[12] Tran M D, Rakov V A.When does the lightning attachment process actually begin.J Geophys Res Atmos, 2015, 120:6836-6922.
[13] Lu W, Qi Q, Ma Y, et al.Two basic leader connection scenarios observed in negative lightning attachment process.High Voltage, 2016, 1(1):11-17, DOI: 10.1049/hve.2016.0002.
[14] Saba M M F, Paiva A R, Schumann C, et al.Lightning attachment process to common buildings.Geophys Res Let, 2017, 44:4368-4375, DOI: 10.1002/2017GL072796.
[15] Visacro S, Guimaraes M, Murta Vale M H.Striking distance determined from high-speed videos and measured currents in negative cloud-to-ground lightning.J Geophys Res Atmos, 2017, 122:13356-13369. doi:  10.1002/2017JD027354
[16] Tran M D, Rakov V A.A study of the ground-attachment process in natural lightning with emphasis on its breakthrough phase.J Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1):15761, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14842-7.
[17] 李俊, 张义军, 吕伟涛, 等.一次多回击自然闪电的高速摄像观测.应用气象学报, 2008, 19(4):401-411. doi:  10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2008.04.003
[18] Cooray V, Rakov V, Theethayi N.The lightning striking distance-Revisited.Journal of Electrostatics, 2007, 65(5/6):296-306.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2006.09.008. doi:  10.1016/j.elstat.2006.09.008
[19] Love E R.Improvements on Lightning Stroke Modeling and Applications to the Design of EHV and UHV Transmission Lines.Colorado: University of Colorado, 1973.
[20] Golde R H.The Lightning Conductor Lightning.San Diego: Academic, 1977.
[21] Eriksson A J.The Lightning Ground Flash-An Engineering Study.Pretoria, South Africa: Faculty of Engineering, University of Natal, 1979.
[22] Cooray V.A model for negative first return strokes in negative lightning flashes.Phys Scr, 1997, 55:119-128. doi:  10.1088/0031-8949/55/1/024
[23] 杨欣怡, 吕伟涛, 杨俊, 等.3种阈值方法在闪电通道图像识别中的应用.应用气象学报, 2014, 25(4):427-435. doi:  10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2014.04.005
[24] 王智敏, 吕伟涛, 陈绿文, 等.2011-2012年广州高建筑物雷电磁场特征统计.应用气象学报, 2015, 26(1):87-94. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20150109
[25] 陈绿文, 吕伟涛, 张义军, 等.不同高度建筑物上的下行地闪回击特征.应用气象学报, 2015, 26(3):311-318. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20150306
[26] 吴姗姗, 吕伟涛, 齐奇, 等.基于光学资料的广州塔附近下行地闪特征.应用气象学报, 2019, 30(2):203-210. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20190207
[27] 武斌, 吕伟涛, 齐奇, 等.一次正地闪触发两个并发上行闪电的光电观测.应用气象学报, 2019, 30(3):257-266. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20190301
[28] 武斌, 吕伟涛, 齐奇, 等.双向先导正端突然延展现象的高速摄像观测.应用气象学报, 2020, 31(2):146-155. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20200202
[29] 吕伟涛, 陈绿文, 马颖, 等.广州高建筑物雷电观测与研究10年进展.应用气象学报, 2020, 31(2):129-145. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20200201
[30] Wang D, Watanabe T, Takagi N.A High Speed Optical Imaging System for Studying Lightning Attachment Rrocess//Proceedings of the 7th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning, 2011: 937-940.
[31] Chen L, Lu W, Zhang Y, et al.Optical progression characteristics of an interesting natural downward bipolar lightning flash.J Geophys Res Atmos, 2015, 120:708-715, DOI: 10.1002/2014JD022463.
[32] Zhang C, Lu W, Chen L, et al.Influence of the Canton Tower on the cloud-toground lightning in its vicinity.J Geophys Res Atmos, 2017, 122, DOI: 10.1002/2016JD026229.
[33] Chen L, Zhang Y, Lu W, et al.Performance evaluation for a lightning location system based on observations of artificially triggered lightning and natural lightning flashes.J Atmos Ocean Technol, 2012, 29(12):1835-1844, DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00028.1.
[34] Eriksson A J.An improved electrogeometric model for transmission line shielding analysis.IEEE Trans Power Delivery, 1987, 2:871-877.
[35] Eriksson A J.The incidence of lightning strikes to power lines.IEEE Trans Power Delivery, 1987, 2:859-870. doi:  10.1109/TPWRD.1987.4308191
[36] Rizk F A M.Modeling of transmission line:exposure to direct lightning strokes.IEEE Trans Power Delivery, 1990, 5:1983-1989. doi:  10.1109/61.103694
[37] Rizk F A M.Modeling of lightning incidence to tall structures Part Ⅱ:Application.IEEE Trans Power Delivery, 1994, 9:172-193. doi:  10.1109/61.277690
[38] Mazur V, Ruhnke L H, Bondiou-Clergerie A, et al.Computer simulation of a downward negative stepped leader and its interaction with a ground structure.J Geophys Res, 2000, 105(D17):22361-22369, DOI: 10.1029/2000JD900278.
[39] Dellera L, Garbagnati E.Lightning stroke simulation by means of the Leader Progression Model.Ⅰ:Description of the model and evaluation of exposure of free-standing structures.IEEE Trans Power Delivery, 1990, 5:2009-2022, DOI: 10.1109/61.103696.
[40] Dellera L, Garbagnati E.Lightning stroke simulation by means of the Leader Progression Model.Ⅱ:Exposure and shielding failure evaluation of overhead lines with assessment of application graphs.IEEE Trans Power Delivery, 1990, 5:2023-2029, DOI: 10.1109/61.103697.
[41] Diendorfer G, Pichler H.Properties of Lightning Discharges to an Instrumented Tower and Their Implication on the Location of Those Flashes by Lightning Location Systems.6th International Workshop on Physics of Lightning, 2006.
[42] Baba Y, Rakov V A.Lightning strikes to tall objects:Currents inferred from far electromagnetic fields versus directly measured currents.Geophys Res Lett, 2007, 34, L19810, DOI: 10.1029/2007GL030870.
[43] Lafkovici A, Hussein A M, Janischewskyj W, et al.Performance Analysis of the North American Lightning Detection Network Using CN Tower Lightning Data.19th International Lightning Detection Conference, 2006.
[44] 廖义慧, 吕伟涛, 齐奇, 等.基于闪电先导随机模式对不同连接形态的模拟.应用气象学报, 2016, 27(3):361-369. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20160311