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卫星风推导和应用综述
Status Review on Atmospheric Motion Vectors-derivation and Application
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摘要: 该文介绍了卫星风推导和应用的进展, 包括卫星风的算法, 卫星风在数值天气预报中的应用, 卫星风在天气分析和预报中的应用以及卫星风的研究工作动向。目前各个卫星数据处理中心卫星风的算法大体一致和稳定。风矢量的追踪用相关匹配法, 而风矢量的高度指定依靠双通道物理方法。卫星风的质量是从图像定位和定标开始的许多工作阶段的综合结果, 确保每个工作段的高质量对于风矢量的计算都十分重要。卫星风的高度指定仍然是最有挑战性的课题。因为物理定高方法进展不明显, 近期内尤其要重视几何定高技术的研究和使用。静止气象卫星的风对数值预报的影响在热带和南半球是正反馈; 由于在极地地区各种资料都十分匮乏, 极地卫星风对数值天气预报有非常明显的正反馈。卫星风与云图叠合显示, 在主要雨带、副热带高压、强对流和热带气旋的诊断、分布、预报中十分有用。Abstract: Atmospheric Motional Vector (AMV) derived from continuous satellite images, their derivations and applications in Numerical Weather Prediction, weather analyses and forecasting as well as the recent research development are introduced and reviewed. At present, the algorithms of AMV derivation are basically identical among different satellite data processing centers. AMV image matching is used with correlation method, while AMV height assignment is physically based on one window channel and one absorption channel. The quality of AMVs derivation depends on the entire procedure of the data processing. Therefore, it is very important to guarantee the high performance of each step in data processing. Height assignment is still a challenging issue at present. Since physical height assignment does not turn out ideal results, attentions ought to be paid to the test on geometric way. Geostationary AMV gives positive contribution in tropics and southern hemisphere in NWP. Because of the lack of various types data in the polar zones, polar AMV has positive feed back in NWP. Feed back from MODIS polar winds is quite encouraging. Overlapping display of AMVs and satellite images give forecasters a unique tool at weather analysis and forecasting. It is especially useful for diagnosis of major rain belt, subtropical ridge, severe convections and tropical cyclones.
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表 1 比较要素 (i)、函数 (φ) 和权重 (W) 的定义 (根据Holmlund等[33]修正)
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