设为首页
加入收藏
用过程透雨量确定的东亚夏季风北边缘特征
Determination on the North Boundary of Summer Monsoon in East Asian with Soaking Rainfall
-
摘要: 利用1951—2006年全国715个站逐日降水资料及NCEP/NCAR逐日和月平均再分析资料, 以农作物生长角度为出发点, 采用过程透雨量 (20 mm) 标准确定4—10月出现6次及6次以上过程透雨量作为东亚夏季风区, 以北边缘历年波动范围确定夏季风边缘带, 根据连续透雨过程达到无旱标准来判断东亚夏季风的开始时间。主要分析了夏季风北边缘的年际、年代际变化特征和夏季风边缘带的变化范围以及夏季风边缘的推进过程和北边缘变化机制及其对我国降水的影响。结果表明:透雨标准较好地确定了边缘带位置, 夏季风北边缘呈现向南偏移的趋势, 边缘带范围有所扩大; 北边缘变化与偏南风强弱和水汽输送联系紧密, 并且对我国雨带的分布以及北方降水有一定影响, 北边缘偏北, 雨带偏北, 则华北降水偏多。Abstract: The summer monsoon brings plentiful water vapor, which is important for vegetation's growth andpeople's subsistence.T he relation between monsoon's northward advance and north boundary's locationis consanguineous.There are many monsoon indexes, and nor thward advancing of summer monsoon hasalso been investigated a lot.The research method considering vegetation growth angles proves to be accordant with the monsoon's influences on China. Station data and grid data including the daily rainfall dataof 715 stations of China from 1951 to 2006 are used to depict the summer monsoon's advancing process.Moisture transport is also investigated using NCEP/NCAR monthly mean and daily reanalysis data. First, the soaking rainfall index is defined to determine the East Asian summer monsoon area.It takes appearingsix times and more soaking rainfall (20 mm) processes during April to October as the standard, then theboundary belt positions for summer monsoon are defined according to the range of six times soaking rainfalllines waving variance annually, and wind vector changes in the boundary belt.Analyzing the continual soaking rainfall processes, the time when periods of drought ends is defined as the start time for summer monsoon in East Asian.This start time can represent the summer monsoon's northward advance.Besides, thecharacteristics of annual and decade variance of East Asian summer monsoon's north boundary and the variance of boundary belt's scopes are analyzed.Furthermore, the advanced process of East Asian summermonsoon's north boundary and its influence to the rainfall in China are investigated.To seek the cause about north boundary for summer monsoon waving unconventionally, it is important to analyze moisturetransport which maybe one important gene.The results show that : the soaking rainfall standard ascertainsboundary belt location for East Asian summer monsoon preferably, and it appears a tendency of southwardmoving and the scopes of boundary belt are enlarged.In brief, the location variance of East Asian summermonsoon's north boundary have a close correlation with south wind strength and moisture transport.It also has a certain influence to the rain band distribution of China as well as the precipitation in north of China, north boundary inclined north, also does the rain band, and the rainfall is relatively more in the northof China.
-
图 1 1951—2006年气候平均850 hPa副热带 (100°~120°E平均) 经向风覆盖范围的北脊点 (黑色) 和南脊点 (灰色) 随时间逐候演变 (a), 7—8月850 hPa平均风场及4—10月3次、6次过程透雨量 (实线) 和200 mm, 400 mm年降水量 (虚线)(b)
Fig. 1 The annual mean of 56 year s (a) the latitude variance of north ridge (blackness) and south ridge (grayness) along with expel time in the region (averaged from 100° to 120°E) cover with southerly on subtropical, (b) the annual mean rainfall of 200 mm, 400 mm (broken line) and soaking rainfall processes of three, six times from April to October (real line) and Jul—Aug wind vector averaged
图 2 110°E处夏季风北边缘位置曲线
(直实线为趋势线, 粗虚线为北边缘平均位置)
Fig. 2 Curve diagram of the north boundary locations for summer monsoon along 110°E
(the straight real line denotes trend, the thick broken line denotes its average location)
图 3 东亚夏季风边缘带的年代际变化
Fig. 3 Decade variance of the boundary belt for summer monsoon in East Asia
图 4 夏季风边缘气候平均的逐旬推进过程 (相对于1月1日) (a), 边缘带概率分布 (b), 偏北年平均 (c), 偏南年平均 (d)
(虚线为北边缘位置)
Fig. 4 The moving north ward process of summer monsoon's boundary relative to 1 January (a), its distribution about the probability (b), seven inclined north years (c) and seven inclined south years (d)
(the broken line is the location of north boundary)
图 5 夏季风北边缘 (实线) 与雨带位置 (虚线) 的10年滑动平均
Fig. 5 Decade sliding mean of summer monsoon's north boundary (real line) and the rainband locations (broken line)
图 6 夏季风北边缘位置与夏季降水量相关分布
(阴影区为通过0. 05显著性检验; 实线为正相关, 虚线为负相关)
Fig. 6 The correlation of summer monsoon's north boundary and summer rainfall
(shadow is correlation up to 0. 05 level; real line is positive, broken line is negative)
图 7 夏季风北边缘偏北年份与偏南年份7月合成差值分布 (偏北年减偏南年)
(a) 850 hPa风场差异分布 (横线阴影区为纬向风u显著差异区, 竖线阴影区为经向风v显著差异区, 均通过0. 02显著性检验), (b) 整层水汽输送差值分布 (阴影为水汽输送差异相对大值区, 单位: kg/(m · s))
Fig. 7 The distribution for the difference of composite summer monsoon's north boundary between seven inclined north years and inclined south years
(a) the deffience distribution of wind vector field (horizontal line shadow is zonal wind marked difference, vertical line shadow is meridional wind marked difference), (b) the whole layer moisture transport's marked difference (shadow of moisture transport is biggish, unit :kg/(m · s))
表 1 夏季风北边缘位置偏南年和偏北年分别对应我国降水的雨带类型
Table 1 Corresponding rainband of China to the year of inclined north and south locations of summer monsoon's north boundary
-
[1] Webster P J.The Elementary Monsoon ∥Fein J S, Stephens P L.Monsoons.A Wiley -Interscience Publication, 1987 : 3-32. [2] 钱维宏.季风的季节、年际和年代际变化.热带气象学报, 2005, 21(2) :199 -206. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RDQX200502010.htm [3] 徐袁, 钱维宏.东亚季风边缘活动带研究综述.地理学报, 2003, 58 : 138-147. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DLXB2003S1016.htm [4] 赵永国.我国生态环境脆弱带环境灾变特征的初步研究.灾害学, 1991, 6(4) :58 -62. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHXU199104011.htm [5] 史正涛, 张林源, 苏桂武.中国季风边缘带的自然灾害及成因.灾害学, 1994, 9(4) :59 -64. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHXU404.012.htm [6] 史正涛.中国季风边缘带自然灾害的区域特征.干旱区资源与环境, 1996, 10(4) :1 -7. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GHZH604.000.htm [7] 欧廷海, 钱维宏.东亚季风边缘带上的植被变化.地球物理学报, 2006, 49(3) : 698-705. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX200603012.htm [8] 汤绪, 钱维宏, 梁萍.东亚夏季风北边缘带的气候特征.高原气象, 2006, 25(3) : 375-381. http://mall.cnki.net/magazine/Article/GYQX200603002.htm [9] 胡豪然, 钱维宏.东亚夏季风北边缘的确认.自然科学进展, 2007, 17(1) : 57-65. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZKJZ200701010.htm [10] Qian W H, Lin X, Zhu Y F, et al.Climatic regime shift and decadal anomalous events in China.Climate Change, 2007, 84 : 167-189. doi: 10.1007/s10584-006-9234-z [11] 富元海, 刘宣飞.中国北方季风边缘区边界位置的年代际变化.南京气象学院学报, 2007, 30(1) : 94-100. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NJQX200701012.htm [12] 汤绪.亚洲夏季风最北边缘带及其影响和成因研究.北京:北京大学物理学院, 2004. [13] 汤绪, 赵兵科, 孙国武, 等.青藏高原地形对东亚夏季风北缘影响的数值试验.高原气象, 2007, 26(5) : 921-927. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYQX200705003.htm [14] 汤绪, 孙国武, 钱维宏.亚洲夏季风北边缘研究.北京:气象出版社, 2007 :96 -110. [15] 徐虹.关中陕南春季第一场透雨的分析和预报.陕西气象, 1993(2) : 16-20. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SXQI199302006.htm [16] 苏正军, 刘卫国, 王广河, 等.青海一次春季透雨降水过程的云物理结构分析.应用气象学报, 2003, 14(增刊) : 27-35. [17] 梁生俊, 侯建忠.2005年陕西第一场透雨诊断分析.陕西气象, 2007, (2) : 9-12. http://cpfd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CPFDTOTAL-SXQX200600001002.htm [18] 张兰生, 方修琦, 任国玉.我国北方农牧交错带的环境演变.地学前缘, 1997, 4(1 -2) :127 -136. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY7Z1.019.htm [19] 苏桂武, 张林源.中国北方季风边缘区自然灾害环境和成灾过程的特征.中国沙漠, 1998, 18(1) :1 -9. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGSS801.000.htm [20] 王乃昂, 赵晶, 高顺蔚.东亚季风边缘区气候代用指标的分形比较及其意义.海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1999, 19(4) : 59 -65. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ199904009.htm [21] 陈隆勋, 李薇, 赵平, 等.东亚地区夏季风爆发过程.气候与环境研究, 2000, 5(4) : 345 -355. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QHYH200004001.htm [22] 伍荣生.现代天气学原理.北京:高等教育出版社, 1999 : 209 -224. [23] 王绍武, 叶瑾琳, 龚道溢, 等.中国东部夏季降水型的研究.应用气象学报, 1998, 9(增刊) :65 -74. [24] 焦佩金.南北方双雨带相对应江淮四川干旱区相连.气象, 1994, 20(11) : 58-61. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX411.013.htm [25] 王绍武, 黄建斌.近千年中国东部夏季雨带位置的变化.气候变化研究进展, 2006, 2(3) :117 -122. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QHBH200603005.htm [26] 赵振国, 朱艳峰, 柳艳香, 等.1880 —2006年中国夏季雨带类型的年代际变化特征.气候变化研究进展, 2008, 4(2) :95 -100. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QHBH200802012.htm [27] 赵平, 周秀骥.近40年我国东部降水持续时间和雨带移动的年代际变化.应用气象学报, 2006, 17(5) : 548-556. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20060594&flag=1 [28] 周晓霞, 丁一汇, 王盘兴.影响华北汛期降水的水汽输送过程.大气科学, 2008, 32(2) :345 -357. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXK200802012.htm -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 摘要浏览量: 3369
- HTML全文浏览量: 793
- PDF下载量: 1568
- 被引次数: 0
