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非对称性增温对农业生态系统影响研究进展

谭凯炎 房世波 任三学 张新时

谭凯炎, 房世波, 任三学, 等. 非对称性增温对农业生态系统影响研究进展. 应用气象学报, 2009, 20(5): 634-641..
引用本文: 谭凯炎, 房世波, 任三学, 等. 非对称性增温对农业生态系统影响研究进展. 应用气象学报, 2009, 20(5): 634-641.
Tan Kaiyan, Fang Shibo, Ren Sanxue, et al. Asymmetric trends of daily maximum and minimum temperature in global warming and its effects on agriculture ecosystems. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2009, 20(5): 634-641.
Citation: Tan Kaiyan, Fang Shibo, Ren Sanxue, et al. Asymmetric trends of daily maximum and minimum temperature in global warming and its effects on agriculture ecosystems. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2009, 20(5): 634-641.

非对称性增温对农业生态系统影响研究进展

资助项目: 

中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费 2008Y005

国家自然科学基金项目 30700107

中加国际科技合作项目 2009DFA91900

Asymmetric Trends of Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperature in Global Warming and Its Effects on Agriculture Ecosystems

  • 摘要: 该文概述了北半球和我国气候变暖中增温的非对称性特征:北半球气候变暖存在明显的季节差异和昼夜不同步性, 大部分地区冬、春季升温高于夏、秋季, 日最低气温升幅是日最高气温升幅的2~3倍; 近50年我国近地表气温升高主要是最低气温明显上升的结果, 日最低气温升幅是日最气高温升幅的2~3倍, 与北半球基本一致; 升温最显著的季节为冬季和春季。在此基础上概述了非对称性增温对农业生态系统的影响, 论述了非对称性增温对农作物物候和农作物产量的影响, 得出最低气温升高促使整个生长季延长, 促使早春作物物候期提前, 但最低气温和最高气温对不同作物的物候以及同一作物的不同发育阶段影响不同。现有研究多采用模型或统计的方法研究气候变暖对作物生长的影响, 认为温度升高对作物有“强迫成熟”效应; 而现有的最低气温升高和最高气温升高对作物生长影响的研究结果并不一致。非对称性增温对农作物影响的实验研究极少, 且缺乏对模型模拟结果的实验验证。
  • 表  1  北半球近50年平均最高、最低气温变化速率 (单位: ℃/ 100 a)

    Table  1  Changing trends of maximum and minimum temperature variation in the Northern Hemisphere during the past 50 years (unit : ℃/100 a)

    表  2  中国近50年和季节平均最高、最低气温变化幅度速率 (单位: ℃/ 10 a)

    Table  2  Changing trends of maximum and minimum temperature variation in China during the past 50 years (unit : ℃/ 10 a)

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  • 收稿日期:  2008-11-10
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