全天空测云技术现状及进展

高太长; 刘磊; 赵世军; 孙学金; 刘剑

全天空测云技术现状及进展

1.
解放军理工大学气象学院, 南京 211101
2.
北京大学物理学院, 北京 100871
3.
中国人民解放军第68028 部队, 兰州 730058

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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2008-12-23
- 修回日期: 2009-07-23
- 刊出日期: 2010-02-28

The Actuality and Progress of Whole Sky Cloud Sounding Techniques

1.
Institute of Meteorology, PLA University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 211101
2.
School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871
3.
68028 Troops of PLA, Lanzhou 730058

摘要

摘要: 云是一种常见和重要的天气现象，在大气辐射传输中扮演着重要角色。云的形态、分布、数量及其变化标志着大气运动的状况。云的观测对军事活动、国民经济和社会服务等方面具有重要意义。目前在业务上尚未实现云的自动观测，单点测量云高的仪器已经较为成熟，然而云量和云状的自动观测仪器目前还处于研究阶段。文中总结了目前地基全天空测云仪器现状，分析了全天空云图获取、镜头保护、云点识别、云量计算、云高计算和云状识别等几个测云技术问题，最后从相关测量技术和产品应用角度做一定的思考和展望，认为需要从提高仪器性能、加强云高测量技术攻关、建立器测云分类标准等方面推进全天空测云仪器业务化应用。
- 云;
- 全天空;
- 测云技术
Abstract: Clouds are regular and important weather phenomenon which play important role on the earth's radiation budget and climate change. The shape, size, distribution and movement of them indicate the condition of the atmosphere, thus cloud observ ation is important. Clouds can be observed by means of both satellites and ground based instruments. Satellite cloud images provide global coverage data which are used widely in weather forecast. Ground based cloud images are very localones which contain more details. Ground based cloud sounding instruments have not been put into actual operations by far though. Some cloud base height measurem ents such as ceilometers and the newer laser beam ceilometers are developed in order to determine local cloud base height, however cloud coverage and typology are still determined with a subjective aspect by human observers.In recent years, a number of ground based sky imagers have been developed due to the improvements in both hardware and digital image processing techniques. Many well known instruments are developed and used for cloud coverage estima tion and scientific experiments. For example, the all sky imager (ASI), total sk y imager (TSI) and whole sky camera (WSC) measure visible skylight from the entire sky dome during daytime, while the whole sky imager (WSI) provides hemispheri cal coverage with different detection techniques during day and night. The WSI has approximately 70 nm wide imaging bands centered at 450, 650 nm and 800 nm, ide ntifying clouds from red/blue ratios during the day and from star maps at night (with gaps in operation near sunrise and sunset).The infrared cloud imager (ICI) and the Whole Sky Infrared Cloud Measuring System (WSIRCMS) are ground based passive sensors that measures downwelling atmospheric radiance in the 8—14 μm wave length band. These two instruments can identify clouds and calculate cloud am ount continuously with accordant sensitivity during day and night. Some key techniques are analyzed, such as obtaining whole sky images, camera lens protection, cloud detection, cloud coverage calculation, cloud base height calculation and cloud type classification etc. It shows that, visible light based apparatus can hardly be applied in actual operation because they can't work well during night. The WSI can provide data at night, but the consistency can't turn up trumps because of the algorithmic difference during day and night. Images from cloud infrared radiometers have bad spatial resolution which goes aga inst cloud classification. Sensors using infrared detector array can work with no difference in sensitivity during day and night and have good spatial resolution, but needs improving in stability. Fully considering whole sky cloud sounding theories, techniques and applications, there are still a lot of problems before these instruments to be used in actual operations. Their performance should be more firmness. The whole sky cloud base height should be lucubrated. The instrume ntal cloud form classification principle should be proposed to classify cloud with ground based instruments.
- cloud;
- whole sky;
- cloud sounding techniques

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