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The Interdecadal Variability of Summer Precipitation over North China
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摘要: 利用我国740个测站逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料，使用合成分析等方法，对华北夏季降水的年代际变化特征进行分析。结果表明：华北夏季降水的年代际变化与华北夏季雨带的年代际变化密不可分。在华北夏季降水偏多阶段，华北地区雨带降水量较大，华北雨带能够向西延伸，雨带位置大多数时间能够越过115°E，并且能够接近华北西部边界110°E，位置偏西；而在华北夏季降水偏少阶段，华北雨带降水量偏小，雨带虽然也能够越过115°E，但维持时间不长，且向西延伸并不明显，雨带位置很难接近华北西部边界110°E，位置偏东。华北雨带发生的年代际变化和东亚地区大气环流以及东亚夏季风的年代际变化有关。Abstract: Based on the daily precipitation data from 740 stations and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis daily datasets, the interdecadal variability and their causes for summer rainfall over North China are analyzed by means of composite analysis method.Interdecadal variability of rain belt is found closely related with the decrease of rainfall over North China after 1978. Meanwhile, the rain belt over eastern China also has a significant interdecadal variability in summer. In wet period of summer over North China, there is a broader area with smaller amount of precipitation between the northern and southern rain belt in eastern China. But in dry period of summer, the area becomes smaller. In wet period, the rain belt over North China can extend westward to 115°E at most time and nearly reaches the west boundary of North China. However, in dry period, the precipitation amount is much smaller. And the rain belt can hardly maintain to the west of 115°E not to mention 110°E, so the stretch of westward of rain belt over North China is not obvious.Interdecadal variability of atmospheric circulation and East Asia summer monsoon are the direct cause of interdecadal variability of rain belt over North China in summer. In wet period, anomalous southerlies from the sea develop into convergence with upward motion under the influence of the terrain, and the anomaly high pressure over the Bohai Bay urges the rain belt over North China to extend westward. However, in dry period, the anomalous northerlies develop into divergence and anomalous downward motion, which are not favorable for the westward extension of rain belt over North China.
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Key words:
- North China;
- summer precipitation;
- interdecadal variability
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图 1 我国399个测站平均日降水量在华北夏季降水偏多和偏少阶段的平均值及其差值 (单位：mm；图中的矩形区域表示华北范围；阴影表示通过0.05的显著性检验) (a) 降水偏多阶段 (1957—1978年)，(b) 降水偏少阶段 (1979—2006年)，(c) 偏少阶段减偏多阶段
Fig. 1 The summer mean daily precipitation with the difference for 399 stations in China during wet and dry periods of North China
(uint:mm; the rectangular box denotes North China; shaded area denotes passing the test of 0.05 level) (a) wet period (1957—1978), (b) dry period (1979—2006), (c) difference between dry period and wet period
图 2 华北地区平均的日降水量经度-时间剖面及其差值 (单位：mm)
(a) 降水偏多阶段 (1957—1978年)，(b) 降水偏少阶段 (1979—2006年)，(c) 偏少阶段与偏多阶段的差
Fig. 2 Longitude-time sections for the mean daily precipitation over North China with the difference (unit:mm) (a) wet period (1957—1978), (b) dry period (1979—2006), (c) difference between dry period and wet period
图 3 华北夏季500 hPa与850 hPa θse差值距平分布
(单位：K；矩形区域表示华北区域；阴影区表示通过0.05的显著性检验)(a) 降水偏多阶段 (1957—1978年)，(b) 降水偏少阶段 (1979—2006年)
Fig. 3 The anomaly of difference θse between 500 hPa and 850 hPa over North China in summer
(unit:K; the rectangular box denotes North China; shaded area denotes passing the test of 0.05 level)(a) wet period (1957—1978), (b) dry period (1979—2006)
图 4 华北夏季垂直速度距平沿37.5°N剖面 (单位：Pa·s-1; 图中阴影区表示地形)
(a) 降水偏多阶段 (1957—1978年)，(b) 降水偏少阶段 (1979—2006年)
Fig. 4 The vertical velocity anomalies along 37.5°N over North China in summer
(unit: Pa·s-1; shaded area denotes topography) (a) wet period (1957—1978), (b) dry period (1979—2006)
图 5 华北夏季850 hPa风场对气候平均距平分布 (阴影区表示通过0.05的显著性检验；粗虚线为1500 m地形高度线) (a) 降水偏多阶段 (1957—1978年)，(b) 降水偏少阶段 (1979—2006年)
Fig. 5 The anomalies of 850 hPa wind over North China in summer
(shaded area denotes passing the test of 0.05 level; the thick dashed line denotes the topography of 1500 m)(a) wet period (1957—1978), (b) dry period (1979—2006)
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