天津“6.25”大冰雹过程的中尺度特征及成因

The Mesoscale Characteristics and Causes of a Severe Hail Event in Tianjin

  • 摘要: 利用地面加密自动站、天津塘沽多普勒雷达、FY-2C静止卫星以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对2008年6月25日下午天津地区一次罕见大冰雹过程风暴系统发展演变、结构特征和形成原因进行了观测分析和诊断研究。结果表明:此次大冰雹过程是在华北冷涡背景下,前倾结构的高空槽使高层干冷空气叠加在低层暖湿空气上,导致不稳定层结发展。中尺度对流系统由3个β-中尺度对流云团先后2次合并而成的α-中尺度对流系统,呈近似圆形结构。风雹发生前,天津地区大气层结呈现出强的对流性不稳定;700 hPa与近地面之间的风速差达到20 m/s,0~3 km垂直风切变明显增大;当上述有利的热力和动力条件形成后,在地面辐合线和干冷空气侵入的触发机制下,就造成了本次大冰雹过程。同时,由多单体合并而成的超级单体风暴,在其发展成熟阶段,多普勒雷达图上呈现出弓型回波、低层弱回波区和中高层悬垂回波区及三体散射结构;塘沽地区降雹前,垂直液态水含量出现一次明显的跃增。

     

    Abstract: A severe hail process occurs in Tianjin on 25 June 2008, based on the data of intensive AWS observation, Doppler weather radar, FY-2C geostationary satellite and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, analysis and diagnosis studies are carried out to seek the characteristic of this rare storm system and its evolution. The results show that with the cold vortex over North China, the upper-layer cold and lower-layer warm potential instability stratification is formed. In the left front of the core of upper-level jet, non-geostrophic effect enhances the development of the storm system. Three meso-β convective clusters merge into a quasi-circular structure meso-α scale convective system and maintain for about 4 hours in Tianjin. The CAPE increases rapidly before thunderstorm while the CIN decreases gradually, thus the lower atmosphere becomes slightly unstable from stable. As the storm approaches, the trend of θsewind profile is arcuate, and the convective instability atmosphere in the middle-low levels remain.Water vapour transported through southwesterly flow from the southern part of Hebei forms a high humidity area, and Tianjin region is located in the area of wet tongue. Wind speed difference between 700 hPa level and near-surface reaches 20 m/s at 14:00, SHR (0—3 km) increases significantly, reaching moderate intensity (6.5 m · s-1· km-1). Super cell storms merged by a number of multi-cells have direct effects on the hail during the development of its mature stage. With the aid of Doppler radar, bow echo, weak echo region are found in the lower level, strong hanging echo in the middle-upper level and three-body scattering spike (TBSS) are observed. VIL jumps significantly from the lowest value to 65 kg· m-2before the hail occurs in Tanggu, and the top height of the storm remains 14 km, when VIL density increases to 4.6 g· m-3, exceeding the threshold of heavy hail. Analysis indicate that the dry intrusion of upper troposphere and cold air from the middle troposphere near the ground may also be the triggering factor in this process, besides the northwest-southeast convergence line located in Tanggu and the northeast of Hebei Province.

     

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