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对流层气溶胶的直接气候效应对平流层的影响

宋刘明 刘煜 朱彬 李维亮

宋刘明, 刘煜, 朱彬, 等. 对流层气溶胶的直接气候效应对平流层的影响. 应用气象学报, 2014, 25(1): 83-94..
引用本文: 宋刘明, 刘煜, 朱彬, 等. 对流层气溶胶的直接气候效应对平流层的影响. 应用气象学报, 2014, 25(1): 83-94.
Song Liuming, Liu Yu, Zhu Bin, et al. Direct effects of tropospheric aerosols on stratospheric climate. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2014, 25(1): 83-94.
Citation: Song Liuming, Liu Yu, Zhu Bin, et al. Direct effects of tropospheric aerosols on stratospheric climate. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2014, 25(1): 83-94.

对流层气溶胶的直接气候效应对平流层的影响

资助项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目 40875078

国家重点基础研究发展计划项目 2010CB428605

国家重点基础研究发展计划项目 2011CB403406

详细信息
    通信作者:

    刘煜, email: liuyu@cams.cma.gov.cn

Direct Effects of Tropospheric Aerosols on Stratospheric Climate

  • 摘要: 通过WACCM-3模式中气溶胶光学厚度与卫星资料的对比发现,模式可以很好地再现全球气溶胶的主要分布特征,但在一些区域还存在数值上的差异。利用数值试验研究对流层气溶胶的直接气候效应对平流层气候的影响,结果表明:对流层气溶胶对平流层气候有明显影响,平流层化学过程在这一影响中起重要作用,而对流层气溶胶对平流层辐射的影响不是其直接气候效应对平流层影响的主要原因。其机制可能是对流层气溶胶改变对流层的辐射平衡,影响对流层的温度和大气环流,进而影响行星波的上传,使得平流层气候发生变化;影响区域主要位于高纬度和极地地区,南半球的变化比北半球大,温度变化最大达10 K,纬向风变化最大可达12 m/s,臭氧体积分数最多减少0.8×10-6
  • 图  1  EXP3与EXP4大气层顶短波净辐射通量、地表短波净辐射通量和晴空地表短波净辐射通量差值

    Fig. 1  The difference of mean net short-wave radiative flux, surface net short-wave radiative flux, surface net short-wave radiative flux with clear sky between EXP3 and EXP4

    图  2  EXP1与EXP2多年平均值的温度差 (阴影) 和纬向风场之差 (等值线, 单位:m·s-1)

    Fig. 2  The difference of mean temperature (shaded) and zonal wind (contour, unit:m·s-1) between EXP1 and EXP2

    图  3  EXP1与EXP2多年平均值的臭氧体积混合比之差

    Fig. 3  The difference of mean O3 volumetric mixture ratio between EXP1 and EXP2

    图  4  EXP2 EP通量多年平均值及EXP1与EXP2 EP通量多年平均值之差

    Fig. 4  The mean EP flux from EXP2 and its difference between EXP1 and EXP2

    图  5  EXP3与EXP4多年平均值的温度差 (阴影) 和纬向风场之差 (等值线, 单位:m·s-1)

    Fig. 5  The difference of mean temperature (shaded) and zonal wind (contour, unit:m·s-1) between EXP3 and EXP4

    图  6  EXP1与EXP2温度差和纬向风场之差与EXP3与EXP4温度差 (阴影) 和纬向风场之差的差异 (等值线,单位:m·s-1)

    Fig. 6  The difference of mean temperature (shaded) and zonal wind (contour, unit:m·s-1) between experiment group A and B

    图  7  EXP3与EXP4的短波净辐射加热率的变化 (等值线) 和长波净辐射加热率的变化 (填色)(单位:10-2 K·d-1)

    Fig. 7  The difference of mean net short-wave radiative heating rate (contour) and net long-wave radiative heating rate (shaded) between EXP3 and EXP4(unit:10-2 K·d-1)

    表  1  EXP1和EXP2在40°~80°S及40°~80°N 100 hPa高度上经向热通量 (单位:K·m·s-1)

    Table  1  Meridional horizontal eddy heat flux (unit:K·m·s-1) at 100 hPa averaged over 40°—80°S and 40°—80°N

    月份 北半球经向热通量 南半球经向热通量
    EXP1 EXP2 EXP1 EXP2
    1 4.96 5.54 1.62 2.1
    4 2.42 1.69 0.9 1.02
    7 2.1 2.06 3.29 4.1
    10 0.99 0.68 0.94 1.29
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  • 收稿日期:  2013-04-15
  • 修回日期:  2013-10-29
  • 刊出日期:  2014-01-31

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