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闪电起始过程时空特征的宽带干涉仪三维观测

刘恒毅 董万胜 徐良韬 张义军

刘恒毅, 董万胜, 徐良韬, 等. 闪电起始过程时空特征的宽带干涉仪三维观测. 应用气象学报, 2016, 27(1): 16-24. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160102..
引用本文: 刘恒毅, 董万胜, 徐良韬, 等. 闪电起始过程时空特征的宽带干涉仪三维观测. 应用气象学报, 2016, 27(1): 16-24. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160102.
Liu Hengyi, Dong Wansheng, Xu Liangtao, et al. 3D spatial-temporal characteristics of initial breakdown process in lightning observed by broadband interferometer. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(1): 16-24. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20160102.
Citation: Liu Hengyi, Dong Wansheng, Xu Liangtao, et al. 3D spatial-temporal characteristics of initial breakdown process in lightning observed by broadband interferometer. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(1): 16-24. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20160102.

闪电起始过程时空特征的宽带干涉仪三维观测

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160102
资助项目: 

中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费 2013Z006

电磁环境效应与光电工程重点实验室研究基金项目 FD2013005

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目 41405005

中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费 2013-Y001

国家自然科学基金项目 41375037

详细信息
    通信作者:

    刘恒毅, email: liuhy@camscma.cn

3D Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Initial Breakdown Process in Lightning Observed by Broadband Interferometer

  • 摘要: 闪电的起始位置和起始阶段发展速度是闪电研究中的重要问题。2010年夏季,使用架设在广州市从化区的两套甚高频 (VHF) 宽带干涉仪对闪电的起始阶段放电过程进行三维定位观测。对观测数据给出的地闪和云闪的起始高度分布特征以及起始阶段击穿过程的时空发展特征进行统计和对比分析,结果表明:闪电的起始高度分布呈双峰值特征,分别在5.0 km和8.8 km有两个明显的分布峰值,符合雷暴云三极性总体电荷结构的描述。对起始阶段闪电放电发展速度的计算表明,云闪和地闪在起始阶段的前15 ms内的平均发展速度均在104~105 m·s-1量级之间;多数云闪、地闪起始阶段前15 ms内的平均发展速度表现出减速趋势,但云闪个例中起始阶段前10 ms存在减速趋势的比例更高,且其中在前15 ms一直保持减速趋势个例所占比例也大于地闪。云闪和地闪的起始阶段放电过程的发展方向有向上、向下和水平发展3种情形,可用于指示闪电始发位置的环境电场方向。
  • 图  1  数据处理标准示意图

    (a) 一次云闪起始阶段的地面快电场变化记录,(b) VHF辐射源高度随时间变化,(c) 辐射源定位结果的x-z面投影,(d) 三维定位显示,(e) 辐射源定位结果的x-y面投影,(f) 辐射源定位结果的y-z面投影

    Fig. 1  The standard of data processing

    (a) a fast electric field change record of the initial stage of anintracloud flash, (b) the height of VHF radiation sources versus time for this stage, (c)x-z plane projection of 3D location results, (d)3D location results of this process, (e)x-y plane projection of 3D location results, (f)y-z plane projection of 3D location results

    图  2  闪电起始高度分布

    (a) 地闪,(b) 云闪,(c) 总闪

    Fig. 2  Distributions of the starting altitude of lightning

    (a) cloud to ground lightning, (b) intracloud lightning, (c) total lightning

    图  3  23次云闪和22次地闪始发约0~5,5~10,10~15 ms时间段内的闪电放电平均发展速度

    (分别对应依次减小、减小后增大、增大后减小和依次增大4种情况,N为闪电样本量)

    Fig. 3  The average developing velocities of lightning initial discharge for time intervals of 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 ms roughly of 23 intracloud lightnings and 22 cloud to ground lightings

    (records classified into decrease, decrease and then increase, increase and then decrease and increase 4 groups by the order of value for v5, v10 and v15; N stands for the number of records in each panel)

    表  1  闪电起始阶段平均发展速度 (单位:105 m·s -1)

    Table  1  The average developing velocities of lightning initial stage (unit:105 m·s-1)

    统计参数 云闪 (23次) 地闪 (22次)
    最小值 最大值 平均值 标准差 最小值 最大值 平均值 标准差
    v2 1.0 9.5 3.7 2.1 2.0 7.3 3.9 1.8
    v5 1.2 4.2 2.4 0.8 0.6 5.4 2.4 1.2
    v10 0.7 3.8 1.8 0.9 0.8 5.7 2.5 1.2
    v15 0.8 4.8 2.0 1.2 0.4 5.5 2.4 1.4
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  闪电起始阶段发展方向统计结果 (单位:%)

    Table  2  Developing trends of lightning initial stage (unit:%)

    发展方向 云闪 (23次) 地闪 (22次)
    向上 92 4
    向下 4 88
    水平 4 8
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2015-03-17
  • 修回日期:  2015-09-15
  • 刊出日期:  2016-01-31

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