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青海瓦里关大气气溶胶元素富集特征及其来源
ENRICHMENT CHARACTERRISTICS AND ORIGIN OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL ELEMENTS AT MT. WALIGUAN
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摘要: 利用中子活化及PIXE和可见光灰度仪, 对青海瓦里关大气本底基准监测站的大气气溶胶样品进行了测量。通过元素相对浓度、富集因子和主因子分析等数据统计分析, 并结合同期的气团后退轨迹分布资料, 讨论了瓦里关大气气溶胶元素的组成及来源。结果表明, 位于青藏高原偏远地区的瓦里关大气气溶胶以土壤及地壳等自然来源为主, 因子分析的方差百分数给出瓦里关气溶胶中自然源的贡献率平均在70%以上。燃煤、交通及冶炼等人为源也占有一定比例。大气黑碳气溶胶的观测也表明人类活动影响的存在。人为源的影响多与来自东部及河西走廊等经济发达地区的气流有关。Abstract:
Samples of atmospheric aerosol were collected at Mt. Waliguan (CGAWBO/GAW). The filter samples were analyzed by NAA (neutron activation analysis), PIXE (proton induced x-ray emission). The concentrations of 42 trace elements combined with the measurements of black carbon were determined. Based on the statistical analysis of element concentrations, enrichment factors and the principal factor analysis, combined with the corresponding back trajectory, the elemental compositions and the sources of aerosol over Waliguan are discussed. The results indicate that the natural sources identified as major contributors to the aerosol over Mt. Waliguan are the soil and crust. The factor analysis shows that the contributing rate of these sources accounts for approximately 70% or more of the aerosol. However, anthropogenic origins, such as coal burning, automobile and industrial emissions form a certain proportion of aerosol. The measurement results of the black carbon at Waliguan indicate that there exist influences from human activities. It is estimated that the pollutants mainly come from the more developed areas in the Qinghai Province and the Hexi Corridor. Both local influences, such as the elements of soil in the adjoining area, and long-range transport of aerosols can affect, in varying degrees, the composition of the background aerosol over Mt Waliguan.
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图 1 偏东北气流条件下瓦里关气溶胶元素富集因子的粒径分布
(粒径范围: 1为>11 μ; 2为7～11 μ; 3为4.7～7 μ; 4为3.3～4.7 μ; 5为2.1～3.3 μ; 6为1.1～2.1 μ; 7为0.65～1.1 μ; 8为<0. 65 μ)
图 4 1995年1月不同日期瓦里关600 hPa (0000UTC) 5日后退气流轨迹分布
(○: 1日; △: 3日; ●: 10日; ☆: 18日; ■: 21日; ▲: 24日; □: 30日。符号◎为瓦里关站址)
表 1 瓦里关及上甸子气溶胶元素浓度变化范围与其它地区平均值的比较
表 2 不同地区各元素含量在气溶胶粗、细粒子中的分布
表 3 不同地区各元素含量在气溶胶粗、细粒子中的分布
表 4 瓦里关KB-120气溶胶颗粒物主因子分析的本征值及贡献率
表 5 瓦里关KB-120气溶胶数据的主因子负载
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