Abstract: On the basis of variety maturity index of cotton, a model of the influence of temperature on yield structure and development rate for different cotton varieties is set up. By using agro meteorological observational data from Xingjiang, agrometeorological statigns during 1980~1993. The potential influences of temperature change on ball number of single plant, single ball weight, the perecentage of flower before frosting and development rate of different cotton varieties are analyzed. This work is significant in the agrometeorological monitoring, prediction and assessment of cotton production