Abstract: Based on the turbulent observational data of four kinds of different underlying surfaces including sea, gobi, suburb and city areas, some characteristics for turbulent velocity spectra and diffusion parameter are analysed by using the multi-scale turbulence theory and method. The results show that the roughness of underlying surface has great influence on the turbulence characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer, with the increasing of roughness the peak frequency of velocity spectra would shift to high frequency area, and diffusion parameter would increase.