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人对温度、湿度、风速的感觉与着衣指数的分析研究
THE SENSATION OF HUMAN TO TEMPERATURE& HUMILITY& WIND SPEED AND THE CLOTHING
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摘要: 体表温度、体感温度、不舒适指数及着衣指数能将人们对环境气象中温度、湿度、风速和日射的综合感觉或反应定量化.该文对这4个指标进行了详细的分析, 指出各自的适用范围.使用武汉的数据进行计算, 在高温区补充了夏季居民对这4个指标的感觉分类界限, 并讨论了有关的预报问题.Abstract: Some indexes such as mean skin temperature (TS), effective temperature, discomfort index (DI) and clothing index (CI) are able to quantilize the sensations of human to the heat in an environment with various combinations of air temperature, humility and wind. These indexes are analyzed in detail to show the specific scopes in which each index could work well respectively. The results calculated by those indexes with the meteorological data from Wuhan, are applied to compare with the synch ronic number of sunstroke among residents of the city. The demarcation of these indexes for the sensation of residents in summer are given based on the analyzes stated above. Finally the prediction problems of these indexes are discussed.
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Key words:
- Skin temperature;
- Effecfive temperature;
- Discomfort index Clothing;
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表 1 致死性的环境空气温、湿度[1]
表 2 有效温度与感觉[7]
表 3 风速为0.25 m/s时的有效温度与气温、湿度的关系
表 4 风速为2.0 m/s时的有效温度与气温、湿度的关系
表 5 风速为8.0 m/s时的有效温度与气温、湿度的关系
表 6 人的感觉及与其对应的体感温度、体表温度、不舒适指数和着衣指数
表 7 中暑人数及与其对应的体感温度、体表温度、不舒适指数和着衣指数
表 8 华中地区居民的体感与体感温度、体表温度、不舒适指数和着衣指数
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[1] 高桥浩一郎.应用气象论.东京:岩波书店, 1961. [2] Taesler R.Climate Characteristics and Human Health.Climate and Human Health WcAP-No.1.1986.p81~119. [3] Burton A C, Edhom O G.Man in a Cold Enviroment.EDW ARD ARNOLD LTD London wI.1955.273. [4] 王润鹿, 王西亭.我国冬季服装的分类.全国气候会议论文集.北京:科学出版社, 1974.122~130. [5] Laqndsberg H E.Weather and Health.Gardencity, N.Y, Doubleday, 1969. [6] David D.Houghton, Handbook of Applied Meteorology.New York John wiley& Sons.Inc 1985.778~811. [7] Hentschel G.A Human Biom eteoroiogy Classification of Climate for Large and Local Scales Climate and Human Health.WcAP-No, 1, 1986. [8] Gregorczuk M, Cena K.Distribution of effective temperature over the surface of the earth.Int.J.Bioclimateor., 1967, 11: 145~149. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967IJBm...11..145G [9] Thom E C.A new concept for cooling degree days.Air condition, Heat & ventilation, 1957, (54): 73~80. [10] Thom E C.Cooling degree days.Air condition, Heat & ventilation, 1958, (55): 65~72. [11] Tennenbaum J, et al.The pysiological significance of the cumulative discomfort index.Harefuah J.Med.Ass.Israel., 1961, 60: 315~319. [12] 武汉中心气象台.武汉中暑人数与气象因子的逐步回归分析.全国气候会议论文集.北京:科学出版社, 1974.135~141. -
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