横向雨量器的设计及由风引起的降水测量误差订正
DESIGN OF HORIZONTAL GAUGE AND CORRECTION OF WIND-CAUSED ERRORS OF PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENTS USING HORIZONTAL PRECIPITATION
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摘要: 该文提出了横向雨量器的设计原理。经30个站7年2.8万多次的坑式雨量器、台站雨量器和横向雨量器的对比观测, 证实降水量测量的绝对差值与横向降水量呈一元幂函数关系, 相关系数达0.99。在现行的台站观测业务中, 只要增加横向雨量器的并行观测, 就可对台站雨量器测量的降水量 (包括雪量) 实施订正。订正后的精度接近于坑式雨量器的测量精度。订正方法简便易行, 可应用于业务观测。Abstract: The description of design principles of horizontal gauge is presented. Comparison is made for about 28000 events of pit, national and horizontal gauges for seven years at 30 stations. The power function correlation between the horizontal precipitation and the absolute difference of observed precipitation was confirmed and the correlation coefficient is 0.99. Using the horizontal gauge, correction can be carried out for the precipitation (include snowfall) observed at normal stations by adding parallel observation of horizontal precipitation. The adjusted accuracy is close to that of pit gauge; moreover, the method has the advantages of simple and easy to do, and is applicable to the operation use.
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Key words:
- Horizontal gauge;
- Precipitation;
- Correction
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表 1 确定K1值时的最佳K2值表
表 2 降水测量差值Y与横向降水量X的关系式 (Y=AXB) 的系数值
表 3 30个站平均误差
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[1] Sevruk B. Correction of precipitation measurements. WMO/TD, No.104, 1985. 13~23. [2] Sevruk B, Klemm S. Instruments and observing methods report No.39. WMO/TD, 1989, No.313, 1989.16.