Abstract: Using single correlation, canonical correlation analysis and stepwise regression methods, the regional difference of influence of the climate on the surface water resources in Xingjiang are analyzed. The main findings were as fellows:① the influence of climate on the spatial and temporal distribution of surface water resources is the greatest in the northern Xingjiang, in the middle in the southern Xingjiang and the smallest in the eastern Xingjiang; ② the influencing patterns of the spatial distribution of the climate on the surface water resources field in the northern, eastern and southern Xingjiang are revealed; ③ in the northern and eastern Xingjiang the precipitation in a hydrological year is the governing climatic factor that determines the spatial and temporal distribution features of the surface water resource field. The mean temperature from May to September is the second important climatic factor which decreases the surface water resources through influencing evaporation. But in the eastern Xingjiang, the influence of the mean temperature from May to September on surface water resources was slightly greater than that in the northern Xingjiang; in the southern Xingjiang, the mean temperature from May to September was the governing climatic factor. The hydrological year precipitation in the previous 2 years in the High Mountain area was the second climatic factor, which plays a role of increasing surface water resources through glacier melting water.