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有限供水对冬小麦根系生长发育的影响及其对底墒的利用特征
EFFECT OF LIMITED WATER SUPPLY ON ROOT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF WINTER WHEAT AND THE CHARACTERS OF SOIL MOISTURE USE BEFORE PLANTING
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摘要: 试验在中国气象局固城农业气象试验基地人工控制农田水分试验场进行。在底墒充足的条件下采用三种水分处理:I1拔节期一次性供水75 mm; I2返青期供水37.5 mm, 拔节期供水37.5 mm; ICK生长季内无水分供应。生育期内遮去自然降水。试验结果表明, I1处理由于有充足的底墒配合有限水分胁迫, 有助于减少冬小麦表土层 (0~30 cm) 的根生物量, 增加根系干物质向土壤深层分配, 挖掘深层土壤水分, 提高了土壤水供应量和有效底墒供水率.另外, I1处理增加了需水关键期的有效蒸腾耗水比例, 提高了水分利用效率.虽然由于前期的水分胁迫降低了I1处理总穗数, 但由于增加了籽粒数和籽粒重, 产量反而有所增加。Abstract:
Experiments were conducted in the man-cont rolled water supply field at the Gucheng Agrometeorological Experimental Base of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences.Under the condition of sufficient soil moisture before planting, water was supplied for winter wheat with three scheme :I1, 75 mm supplied water at jointing stage; I2, 37.5 mm supplied water at returning-green stage and 37.5 mm at jointing stage; ICK, no water supply during whole growth season.The precipitation during the grow th season was kept out.Results indicated that under I1, the sufficient soil moisture before planting and limited water stress reduce the winter wheat root weight in the upper soil layer, and allocate more dry matter to the deeper root system.It contributes to the increase of the water use in deeper soil and the soil moisture use before planting.In addition, the water supply for winter wheat at jointing stage under I1 helps increase the effective transpiration proportion at the key water dem and ing stage, and improves the water use efficiency.Although water stress decreases ears per m2 in I1, but the increase of grain numbers and grain weight contributes to the yield increase.
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表 1 开花期各处理各土层根生物量和根长变化情况
表 2 冬小麦生长期内各土层有效底墒供水率
表 3 3~5月冬小麦不同处理耗水量、蒸腾量及蒸腾量占同期耗水量的比例
表 4 不同处理对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响
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