基于WCSODS的小麦渍害模型及其在灾害预警上的应用
A WCSODS-BASED MODEL FOR SIMULATINGWET DAMAGE FOR WINTER WHEAT IN THE MIDDLE AND LOWER REACHES OF THE YANGTSE RIVER
-
摘要: 在WCSODS(小麦模拟优化决策系统)中增加了过量土壤水对小麦光合作用、干物质分配、叶片衰老等影响模块,实现了渍害条件下对冬小麦生长和产量的模拟。用试验资料和区域统计单产对模型进行了检验,结果表明:模拟误差在10%以内。灵敏度分析的结果亦表明:随着渍水持续天数的增加,小麦渍害加重,10 d渍水对产量影响不大,而30 d渍水可造成减产7%~32%;当渍水天数相同时,以孕穗期的渍害对产量影响最大;灌浆期、拔节期次之,冬前分蘖期的影响较小。这与当地小麦专家的看法相一致,说明小麦渍害模型具有一定的合理性。利用本模型和南京、南通两地的历史气象和产量资料,对大面积小麦平均单产进行了试预报,结果基本令人满意。Abstract: The correction models of the effect of excess soil water on photosynthetic production, partition of dry matter and green leaf senescence are introduced into the WCSODS to simulate the impacts of soil waterlogging on wheat growth. The modules are validated with experimental data and regional statistical yields, and the results show that the simulated errors are less than 10%. The sensitivity analysis also shows that the wet damage to yield increases gradually with the increasing waterlogging duration. Ten-day waterlogging has little effect on yields, but when the waterlogging duration reaches 30 days, yields reduce 7% to 32%. For the same waterlogging duration, the injury at the booting stage is the greatest, less at filling stage and elongation stage, and the least at tillering stage. These results are in accordance with the opinions of local wheat experts. The early warning of wet damage is also conducted and tested by using the model and the daily meteorological and yield data, and the results are reasonable.
-
Key words:
- Waterlogging;
- Winter wheat;
- Growth simulation;
- WCSODS;
- Early warning
-
表 1 不同发育阶段绿叶日相对衰老速率
表 2 模拟产量与实测产量比较
-
[1] 金之庆, 石春林, 葛道阔, 等.长江下游平原小麦生长季气候变化特点及小麦发展方向.江苏农业学报, 2001, 17(4): 193-196. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSNB200104000.htm [2] 吕军.渍水对冬小麦生长的危害及其生理效应.植物生理学报, 1994, 20(3):221-226. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWSI403.002.htm [3] 汪宗立, 丁祖生, 娄登仪, 等.小麦湿害及耐湿性生理研究.江苏农业科学, 1984, (4):10. [4] Cannell R Q, Belford R K, Gales K, et al. Effects of water logging at different stages of development on the growth and yield of winter wheat. J. Sci. Food Agric., 1980, 31:117. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0010 [5] 唐明珍, 邵孝候, 封超年.吨粮田麦作生育期间地下水位动态及其控制技术的研究.江苏农学院学报, 1996, 17(3):57-61. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSNX603.014.htm [6] 吕军.浙江红壤区水分条件对冬小麦生长的动态耦合模拟.水利学报, 1998, 24(5):210-215. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SLXB807.014.htm [7] 杨京平, 陈杰.计算机模拟渍水时期及持续时间对春玉米生长及产量的影响.生物数学学报, 2001, 16(3):353-361. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SWSX200103014.htm [8] 高亮之, 金之庆, 冯利平, 等.小麦栽培模拟优化决策系统 (WCSODS).江苏农业学报, 2000, 16(1):1-9. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSNB200002000.htm [9] 胡继超. 作物水分关系模拟和水分管理系统的研究: [博士论文]. 江苏: 南京农业大学, 2002. [10] Ritchie J T. Soil Water Balance. Ceres-Wheat Book Draft#1, 1987. [11] Penning de vries F W T, Jansen D M, ten Berge H F M, et al. Simulation of Ecophysiological Processes of Growth in Several Annual Crops. PUDOC press, Wageningen and IRRI, Los Banos. 1989. [12] 王桂玲, 高亮之.冬小麦田间土壤水分平衡动态模拟模型的研究.江苏农业学报, 1998, 14(1):36-41. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSNB801.009.htm