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华北地区冬小麦叶片光合作用模型在农业干旱预测中的应用研究
APPLICATION OF THE LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS MODEL FOR FORECASTING EFFECT OF DROUGHTON WINTER WHEAT IN NORTH CHINA PLAIN
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摘要: 在冬小麦抽穗—灌浆期进行了水分胁迫实验，利用美国Licor公司生产的Licor-188B辐射量子照度仪及Licor-6400便携式光合作用测定仪，对水分胁迫引起的冬小麦光合生理生态变化进行了系统观测，系统地给出了冬小麦多种农业气象指标对水分胁迫的响应状况。在大量实测数据基础上，给出了包含辐射强度、温度及土壤水分因子的冬小麦叶片光合作用模式。该模式具有严格的理论推导过程和大量实验数据的支持，改进了传统水分胁迫对叶片光合速率影响的简单阶乘方法，从而为进一步准确推算水分胁迫对大田冬小麦光合作用的可能影响，以及水分胁迫对区域农业干旱的可能影响奠定了前提条件。该研究是冬小麦干旱预测模型的叶片子模型，为冬小麦农业干旱预测模型提供了丰富的基本参数，同时也为建立冬小麦干旱预测模型奠定了基本条件。Abstract: The North China Plain is one of the most important food crop production regions in China, and the winter wheat is frequently influenced by droughts during its growth periods. In order to give the accurate drought information, a water stress experiment was made during the jointing stage of winter wheat in the Shandong Agricultural University. The photosynthesis change due to water stress was measured systematically, and a number of agrometeorological indexes responding to the water stress were determined. A combined model is established for simulating leaf photosynthesis based on the data observed with Licor-6400, which includes environmental factors such as CO2 concentration, solar radiation, temperature and soil humidity. Validation of the model shows that it can simulate photosynthetic rate fairly well, and the coefficient of correlation can reach 0.98 with 99 samples. A great deal of observed data is given, which provides basic parameters for establishing the agrometeorological model so to forecast the effect of drought on winter in North China Plain.
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Key words:
- Agrometeorological model;
- Winter wheat;
- Drought stress
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图 2 水分胁迫对冬小麦叶片含水量及叶片光学特性的影响
(a) 土壤湿度对叶片含水量的影响，(b) 土壤湿度对叶片光学特性的影响 (鲁麦23，泰安，2002-04-27中午，典型晴天)(○为叶片含水量，Δ为反射辐射率，∇为透射辐射率，□为吸收辐射率)
图 4 土壤湿度对叶片初始光合效率α及最大光合速率Pmax的影响
(a) 土壤湿度对初始光合效率的影响 (α(w)=0.077 ×(0.304 +0.0739w-0.00195w 2)，R=0.95888，N=11，P＜0.0001)，(b) 土壤湿度对最大光合速率Pmax的影响 (Pmax(w)=28.4×(0.0757 +0.0434w +0.00244w 2-0.000115w3)，R=0.97162，N=11，P＜0.0001)
表 1 不同土壤湿度冬小麦叶片表观特征
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