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广州白云国际机场近46年来雷暴气候的统计特征
STATISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THUNDERSTORM CLIMATE AT GUANGZHOU BAIYUN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT IN THE LATE 46 YEARS
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摘要: 利用广州白云机场1956～2001年46年的逐时观测资料，通过数理统计和小波分析，揭示出白云机场雷暴气候的演变特征。结果表明：白云机场年平均出现雷暴日数为75.4天，初雷一般在3月1日，终雷一般在10月14日，一年12个月都有可能出现雷暴，其中雷暴多集中出现在4～9月份，以8月份出现最多，12月份出现最少；雷暴的历史演变有着较好的9～12年振荡周期，而且近46年来雷暴的发生有逐渐减小的趋势变化，另外雷暴有明显的季节和日变化特征。Abstract: The 46-year’s hourly observational information from 1956—2001 at Guangzhou Baiyun Airport is used to statistically analyzed the thunderstorm climatic characteristics and the wavelet transform is conducted. The results are obtained as follows: Year-averaged days of thunderstorm emergence at Baiyun Airport is 75.4 days. The early thunderstorm day in a year is generally on March 1, and the last thunderstorm day is generally on October 14. It is possible to occur a thunderstorm in any month a year, but occurring frequency of thunderstorm is much concentrated in April—September, the peak is in August and the minimum is in December. There are conspicuous seasonal and daily variations the thunderstorm. The variation period thunderstorm climatology has a 9—12 years, and the frequency is gradually decreased in the last 46 years.
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Key words:
- Thunderstorm;
- Statistic analysis;
- Wavelet transform
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表 1 累年各季雷暴出现日数分布
表 2 累年各月雷暴出现日数分布
表 3 累年各月雷暴持续时间的平均次数(资料年限:1956～2001年共46年)
表 4 累年各月雷暴出现日数和影响系统及其出现次数(资料年限:1980～2001年)
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[1] 陈廷良.现代运输机航空气象学.北京:气象出版社,1992.235,245-256. [2] 施能,鲁建军,朱乾根. 东亚冬、夏季风百年强度指数及其气候变化. 南京气象学院学报,1996, 19(2): 168-177. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NJQX199602002.htm [3] Farge M. Wavelet transforms and their applications to turbulence. Annu. Rev. Fluid. Mech., 1992, 24: 395-457. doi: 10.1146/annurev.fl.24.010192.002143 -
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