我国北方沙尘暴发生的环流形势分析

ANALYSIS OF CIRCULATION SITUATION OCCURRING SANDSTORM IN THE NORTHERN CHINA

摘要: 对我国北方1981～1997年春季沙尘暴天气进行综合分析，用动态聚类法对沙尘暴日进行分型，选择三种典型类型,它们分别是西北冷锋型、西方槽脊移动型和北方路径型。通过对这三种类型的大尺度环流形势及主要天气系统分析，揭示了沙尘暴天气的基本特征。得到以下主要结论：聚类能够客观地反映沙尘暴的基本天气类型，这对于数据驱动的天气建模方式提供了一条途径；沙尘暴的爆发是高低空环流配合发展的结果。
- 沙尘暴;
- 聚类分析;
- 环流形势
Abstract:
The sandstorm weathers in spring from 1981 to 1997 in the northern China are analyzed synthetically. The dynamic clustering method is used to divide the weather types to the day in sandstorm. Three of typical types are chosen, i.e., the northwest cold front type, the western trough and ridge moving type and the northern path type. The large-scale circulation situation and main weather systems of three types are studied. The basic characteristics of sandstorm weather are revealed. It is concluded that the clustering result can reflect objectively the basic weather types of sandstorm, which provides a path for the weather modeling method driven by data. It is the match of circulation situation in the high and the low altitude that results in sandstorm outbreak.
- Sandstorm;
- Cluster analy sis;
- Circulatio n situation

图 1 500 hPa高度(H)和温度场(T)

(a₁) 沙尘暴前一日西北冷锋,(a2) 沙尘暴日西北冷锋,(b1) 沙尘暴前一日槽脊东移,(b2) 沙尘暴日槽脊东移,(c1) 沙尘暴前一日北方路径,(c2) 沙尘暴日北方路径

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图 2 海平面24 h变压场

(a₁) 沙尘暴前一日西北冷锋,(a2) 沙尘暴日西北冷锋,(b1) 沙尘暴前一日槽脊东移,(b2) 沙尘暴日槽脊东移,(c1) 沙尘暴前一日北方路径,(c2) 沙尘暴日北方路径(单位: 10-2 hPa)

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