完全预报(PP)方法在广东冬半年海面强风业务预报中的应用
THE APPLICATION OF PERFECT PROGNOSIS METHOD TO GALE WIND ALONG THE GUANGDONG COAST WINTER
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摘要: 在进行大量普查分析和统计的基础上, 将最近10年历史天气图的地面气压和有关海面强风代表站的风场资料在日本数值预报模式输出报文的1.25°×1.25°格点分布上进行客观分析, 对比传统的以关键区域划分冷空气入侵路径与广东海面强风的关系, 提出了一套与广东冬季海面强风关系更密切、作用更直接的地面关键区气压场分布特征进行客观定量的分型;根据梯度风原理, 用经验加统计的因子挑选方法, 形成了一套应用日本数值预报模式输出、适用于广东海面强风预报的完全预报(PP)方法。检验和业务试用结果均表明:该方法对广东的海面强风具有较强的预报能力;用完全预报方法做沿海海面强风预报是可行的。Abstract: Based on the gradient wind theory and the statistical data of pressure field and the representative stations’winds along the Guangdong coast from 1990 to 1999, a new objective method, the perfect prognosis method, which reveals more obvious relations between the ground pressure field patterns and the winter gale wind than used to be, is proposed to distinguish the ground pressure field patterns, choose empirical factors and forecast winter gale wind along the Guangdong coast in the application of the JMA’s NWP products. The method was used in real-time operation forecast of gale wind from 2001 to 2002, the result shows that the method is capable to forecast gale wind in winter along the coast.
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表 1 三种气压分型广东各海面各预报风级的预报判别因子阈值表 (Δp的单位:hPa)
表 2 过去10年三种气压分型广东各海面历史强风拟合率 (拟合率=100为完全拟合)
表 3 两年业务试用期用实时地面资料进行强风试报的准确率
表 4 各预报时效强风预报准确率与实时地面资料试报强风的平均准确率 (87.7) 对比差
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