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北京夏季城市热岛现状及楔形绿地规划对缓解城市热岛的作用
Actuality of Summer Urban Heat Island and the Impact of Urban Planning “Wedge-shaped Greenland” to Reducing the Intensity of Urban Heat Island in Beijing
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摘要: 通过遥感技术与地面测定相结合的方法，对北京城市热岛现状作观测研究，得到北京城市地面的温度分布特点。使用北京大学城市边界层模式从气象观点就“楔形绿地”规划对北京城市气候的影响进行研究和评价，模式通过对城市地表复杂性和多样性的特征进行细致描述，建立了一个细致模拟城市特点的城市边界层能量平衡模式，并用此能量平衡模式得到的地面温度作为下边界条件，中尺度气象模式MM5做初始场和侧边界条件，建立一个最小分辨率为500 m的城市边界层模式系统，来研究城市边界层在中尺度背景场作用下的精细结构。通过个例模拟，模式能够较准确地模拟城市边界层的风温场分布情况，可以用来对楔形绿地规划进行模拟试验。通过对规划后的气象场在特定的气象条件下进行模拟，结果显示，建造大型的楔形绿地后，绿地区域及绿地周围约1 km以内的地区温度有所降低，降低的程度由规划前后的地表类型改变的剧烈程度、风速大小及与绿地的距离决定，但是这种规划方案却会因城市的下风方向的风速减小而导致通风不畅。Abstract:
Based on the remote sensing and surface observations, the actuality of urban heat island and the temperature distribution characteristics of urban land surface in Beijing are obtained. Using urban boundary layer model of Peking University, the study focuses on the impact of “Wedge-shaped greenland” plan on Beijing urban climate in the view of meteorology. This three-dimension urban boundary layer model is developed by using surface temperature calculated by energy balance model as lower boundary condition, and using mesoscale model MM5 as initial condition and lateral boundary conditions. This modeling system is used to investigate detailed structure of urban boundary layer under mesoscale background. Through case simulation, model system can simulate the characteristics of wind and temperature field correctly, and it can be used to do some test for the planning “Wedge-shaped greenland”. And the simulation result shows that this plan can reduce the temperature in and around the greenland, but it can result in the wind velocity reduction and bad ventilation in the downwind of the urban area.
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