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利用高程数据修正NOAA AVHRR轨道定位信息
Correction to the Localization of NOAA AVHRR with DEM
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摘要: 在没有考虑高程数据的预处理方法得到的NOAA AVHRR资料中, 每条扫描线数据中的51点经纬度定位信息常常有误差, 尤其是在海拔较高、距卫星星下点较远的定位点, 其定位信息与实际差别很大。针对这种情况, 该文描述了一种引入高程数据并结合51点定位信息对2048个扫描点定位进行快速、简易的订正方法, 可有效地修正AVHRR资料预处理未考虑高程信息引起的经纬度定位偏差, 以便于对分辨率和定位精度要求不高的用户更好地使用AVHRR数据。Abstract: Errors can often be found in the 51 longitude and latitude location information of each scan line in the NOAA AVHRR data which are preprocessed without taking the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) into consideration, and are dramatically huge at the points with high altitude and far from the nadir.The simulation indicates that the horizontal location bias will be increased with the increasing of the zenith angle.This bias caused by the location error can reach the kilometer order level and is mainly displayed in the longitude direction, with small weight of the latitude direction.It is necessary to correct this deviation.Even to the users who project first and then re-correct with the surface control-point, orientation correction can reduce the difficulty in re-correction and improve the orientation precise.A quick and simple method is developed by which localization information of 2048 satellite observation points in a scan line can be corrected with DEM and that of 51 original localization points in AVHRR L1B data. Firstly, latitudes and longitudes of 2048 satellite observation points are figured out using 51 original localization points' information by equidistance interpolation of one variable in an entire siding-to-siding block.Simultaneously the altitude of each point is looked up from DEM data.Secondly, one points is located exactly and the other is not revised.The horizontal location bias (i.e., spherical surface radian deviation) of which the former is relative to the latter can be achieved with DEM and the uncorrected point latitude and longitude.Thirdly, new localization information of the inaccurate point is calculated by dint of original localization points information and spherical surface radian deviation, and then the correction is finished.Because DEM influence to the location of several points at nadir is minimal, they can be considered as original points located exactly and then those on both sides are set as ones to be revised.Thereupon corrections can be carried out from nadir to verge step by step.The method can effectively decrease orientation errors in AVHRR data without the altitude information, which will contribute to the better use.
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Key words:
- DEM;
- correction;
- AVHRR;
- localization
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图 1 高程对计算卫星观测点位置的影响关系示意图
Fig. 1 The impact of elevation on the satellite observation point position calculation
图 2 不同高程引起的水平距离偏差随卫星天顶角的变化
Fig. 2 The horizontal range bias caused by the different elevation along with the satellite zenith change
图 3 卫星及其对地观测的一条扫描线中两个定位点的示意图
Fig. 3 The sketch of the satellite ubiety and two location points in a scan line
图 4 利用高程对定位点进行修正的示意图
Fig. 4 The sketch of the revision to the location points with DEM
图 5 经纬度修正量大小与高程和卫星天顶角的对比
（a）高程（单位：km），（b）卫星天顶角（单位：（°）），（c）修正后与修正前的纬度差（单位：（°）），（d）修正后与修正前的经度差（单位：（°））
Fig. 5 The sizes of longitude and latitude revision contrasted with elevation and satellite zenith
(a) elevation (unit:km), (b) satellite zenith (unit:(°)), (c) latitude difference between after and before revision (unit:(°)), (d) longitude difference between after and before revision (unit:(°))
图 6 利用修正前的定位点线性插值投影后的NOAA AVHRR图像
Fig. 6 The NOAA AVHRR projection image from orbital date before location point revision by linear interpolation
图 7 利用修正后的定位点线性插值投影后的NOAA AVHRR图像
Fig. 7 The NOAA AVHRR projection image from orbital date after location point revision by linear interpolation
图 8 中纬度地区一条扫描线中51个定位点的经纬度
Fig. 8 The latitudes and longitudes of 51 localization-points in a mid-latitude scan line
表 附录:利用高程数据修正NOAA AVHRR轨道定位信息的FORTRAN77源程序
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