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海洋叶绿素a浓度反演及其在赤潮监测中的应用
Ocean Chlorophyll-a Derived from Satellite Data with Its Application to Red Tide Monitoring
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摘要: 采用OC2和OC3两种标准经验算法以及Clark和NSMC-CASE2两种半分析算法进行了MODIS海洋叶绿素a浓度反演, 并根据2004年福建近海赤潮监控区内10个站点的叶绿素a浓度观测数据对反演结果进行了分析。 利用2002—2005年MODIS叶绿素a浓度反演结果对同期发生在福建近海的赤潮灾害进行了初步研究, 并探讨了250 m 和500 m 分辨率的MODIS可见光数据对赤潮灾害监测的可能性。 结果表明: 两种标准经验算法和两种半分析算法对叶绿素a浓度的反演均存在不同程度的偏高, 相对而言, OC3标准经验算法比较适合基于MODIS的福建近海叶绿素a浓度反演; MODIS红光 (250 m) 和绿光 (500 m) 通道数据的比值在赤潮灾害发生过程中发生了显著变化, 在灾害发生时其值明显较灾前和灾后均偏大。Abstract: The signal-to-noise ratio of ocean color channels of MODIS sensor is higher than SeaWiFS sensor and the bandwidth is narrower than SeaWiFS, thus MODIS data are more suitable for the retrieval of chlorophyll-a in ocean. Many standard empirical algorithms and semi-analytical algorithms are supplied to calculate ocean chlorophyll-a by the SeaDAS software which is distributed from NASA. Considering the characteristic of MODIS sensor, the two standard empirical algorithms SeaDAS OC2 and OC3, two semi-analytical algorithms SeaDAS Clark and NSMC-CASE2 are used to calculate ocean chlorophyll-a based on MODIS data, the correlation of MODIS chlorophyll-a and ten stations measured chlorophyll-a is analyzed in Fujian coastal red tide monitoring region in 2004. The statistic result of MODIS chlorophyll-a and ten stations measured chlorophyll-a shows that the correlation index of OC2 standard empirical algorithms is 0.787, and OC3 is 0.839, and Clark semi-analytical algorithms is 0.510, and CASE2 is only 0.133. Although the ocean chlorophyll-a calculated by SeaDAS based on MODIS data is high compared with the chlorophyll-a measured in locale, the chlorophy ll-a variational curve of SeaDAS OC2 and OC3 and Clark is similar to the chlorophyll-a variational curve measured in locale. However, the chlorophyll-a counted by CASE2 semi-analytical algorithms is much higher than the chlorophyll-a measured in locale, and the chlorophyll-a variational curve of CASE2 is very much different to the chlorophyll-a variational curve measured in locale. The red tide occurring in Fujian coastal region at one time with the MODIS chlorophyll-a during 2002—2005 is analyzed also, and the possibility of monitoring red tide based on 250 m and 500 m resolution ratio MODIS visible light data is discussed. The ratio of MODIS red (250 m)and green (500 m) channel obviously changes in the whole course of red tide disaster, the ratio is much higher when the red tide disaster occurs than before and after the red tide disaster occurs. The results show that there is inconsistence high estimate for chlorophyll-a derived from two standard empirical algorithms and two semi-analytical algorithms. On the opposite, SeaDAS OC3 standard empirical algorithms are suitable to calculate ocean chlorophylla in Fujian coastal region based on MODIS data. On the basis of accumulating the chlorophyll-a data measured in locale, the relevant inversion mode for quantitative monitor of remote sensing data of chlorophyll-a on Fujian coastal water will be established with the 250 m and 500 m resolution ratio of MODIS visible light data, and atmospheric correction process will be carried out in MODIS data, thus it is possible that the change of chlorophyll-a on Fujian coastal water will be accurately predicted .
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Key words:
- remote sensing;
- red tide;
- chlorophyll-a;
- MODIS data
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图 1 福建省赤潮监控区内10个观测站点分布图
Fig. 1 The map of ten observation stations of red tide in Fujian
图 2 现场采集与MODIS数据反演叶绿素a浓度相关分析结果
Fig. 2 The result of correlation analyse of measured CChla and calculated CChla base on MODIS data
图 4 2004年5月3日福建省海域叶绿素a浓度四种算法的反演结果（单位：mg·m-3）
Fig. 4 The result of four algorithms of CChla on May 3, 2004 in Fujian ocean (unit: mg·m-3)
图 5 2002-2005年福建海域典型赤潮灾害叶绿素a浓度反演结果（单位：mg·m-3）
(a) 2002-06-06, (b) 2002-11-11, (c) 2003-04-18, (d) 2003-05-20, (e) 2003-05-31, (f) 2003-05-31, (g) 2004-04-27, (h) 2004-05-03, (i) 2004-05-10, (j) 2004-05-26, (k) 2005-06-09, (l) 2005-07-05
Fig. 5 The calculate result of CChla of representative red tide during 2002-2005 in Fujian ocean (unit: mg·m-3)
(a) 2002-06-06, (b) 2002-11-11, (c) 2003-04-18, (d) 2003-05-20, (e) 2003-05-31, (f) 2003-05-31, (g) 2004-04-27, (h) 2004-05-03, (i) 2004-05-10, (j) 2004-05-26, (k) 2005-06-09, (l) 2005-07-05
表 1 MODIS应用于海洋环境监测的探测通道特性
Table 1 Characteristics of MODIS channel applied to ocean
表 2 福建省赤潮监控区内10个观测站点经纬度
Table 2 Latitude and longitude of ten observation stations of red tide in Fujian
表 3 SeaDAS两种标准经验算法表达式
Table 3 The expression of two standard empirical algorithms of SeaDAS
表 4 现场采集与MODIS数据反演叶绿素a浓度结果 (单位: mg/m3)
Table 4 The measured Chlorophyll-a and the calculated Chlorophyll-a base on MODIS data (unit: mg/m3)
表 5 2002—2005年福建海域典型赤潮灾害情况
Table 5 The representative red tide of 2002—2005 in Fujian ocean
表 6 经过质量控制后的20个样本点数据
Table 6 20 samples data after quality cortrol
表 7 计算2002—2005年赤潮RA的样点位置及取样日期
Table 7 The sample position and sample date of RA of red tide in 2002—2005
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