设为首页
加入收藏
2007年淮河暴雨洪涝的气象水文特征
Meteorological and Hydrological Characteristics of Flood Related Torrential Rain over Huaihe River Basin in 2007
-
摘要: 利用常规气象和水文资料, 分析了2007年淮河洪涝期间的气象水文特征, 探讨了淮河暴雨致洪原因。结果表明: 2007年淮河入梅后经历了7次暴雨和大暴雨过程, 其中导致淮河洪涝的强降雨主要出现在2007年6月29日—7月10日的4场强暴雨过程。大尺度的环流分析表明:淮河的强降水出现在大尺度环流形势相对稳定的梅雨形势下, 副热带高压的稳定对于强雨带的建立影响最明显; 淮河干流的水位流量变化呈现出上游水位高, 汛情严重的特征。王家坝的水位经历了两次快速上涨后超过保证水位, 水位的变化与淮河强降雨、尤其是淮河上游强降雨过程有较好的对应关系。与历史上淮河洪涝年比较发现:2007年淮河梅雨期的总降水量低于历史上淮河洪涝年的1954年、1991年和2003年的降水量, 为历史第4位; 淮河干流的水位则超过了1991年和2003年, 为历史第2位, 上游降水量大导致了淮河出现1954年以来的高水位。Abstract: Based on the regular meteorological and hydrological data during the Huaihe River Basin torrential rain in 2007, the torrential rainfall process, the related large scale atmospheric circulation pattern and the evolvement of the flood as the meteorological and hydrological characteristics are analyzed. The conclusion hereby is drawn for the cause of flood happening by the torrential rainfall. The conclusion shows that the Huaihe River Basin flood is mainly related with seven torrential rainfalls. The later four torrential rainfalls are recognized as the significant factor to bring the Huaihe River Basin flood which happen during June 29 to July 10. Although the former three torrential rainfalls are not strong and not recognized as the main cause of flood, the water increase is still led to and becomes the hidden trouble of the whole valley heavy flooding, because the present of precipitation center is mainly in the northern Huaihe Basin where the anabranch of Huaihe is densely located. The large scale atmospheric circulation pattern shows that the torrential rain in Huaihe River Basin occurs under the quite typical Meiyu situation, and the stability of subtropical high has a great impact on the establishment of strong rain-belt. The hydrological data analysis reveals that the higher water line as well as the less water fluxes is on the upriver of Huaihe River Basin which is associated with the severe flood. The increase of the water level is directly led to by the heavy rainfall in the main Huaihe River Basin, and the variable of the water level is associated with the heavy rainfall especially in the upriver of Huaihe River. The rapid increase of the water level of Wangjia-dam is resultedin by the heavy rainfall in the upriver of Huaihe River Basin 2 days later, then the water level of Wangjia-dam exceeds the dangerous level after 2 phases rapidly increase. Based on the comparison and analysis with historical flood year of Huaihe River Basin, the result shows that the accumulated precipitation during the period of Meiyu in Huaihe River Basin in 2007 is the fourth heaviest in history, which is only less than the flood year of 1954, 1991 and 2003. Nevertheless, the water level in the main Huaihe River Basin is higher than that in 1991 and 2003, which is the second in historical record since 1954.The water level of Wangjia-dam is associated with the area rainfall of Wangjia-dam-Dapoling and Dabie-mountain valleys. The high water level of Wangjia-dam is caused by the heavy rainfall in the upriver of the Huaihe River Basin, which reflects the hydrological characteristics caused by the special geographical condition: The rainfall in the upriver is the main factor to bring the high water level in the main Huaihe River Basin.
-
图 1 2007年6月19日—7月10日淮河流域总降水量分布 (单位: mm) (a) 及降水距平百分率 (单位:%) (b)
Fig. 1 Accumulated precipitation (unit: mm)(a) and percentage of precipitation anomaly (unit:%) (b) in Huaihe River Basin during June 19—July 10, 2007
图 2 2007年6—7月逐日500 hPa副高脊线及雨带位置 (a) 及西风环流指数 (b) 演变
Fig. 2 The temporal variation of subtropical high ridge at 500 hPa and rain belt (a) as well as westerly index (b)
图 3 2007年6—7月淮河干流水位及流量逐日演变图
Fig. 3 Temporal variation of water level and flux from June to July in 2007
图 4 2003年6—7月淮河干流水位及流量逐日演变图
Fig. 4 Temporal variation of water level and fluxes from June to July in 2003
图 5 1953—2007年淮河流域6月1日—7月26日的平均降水量
Fig. 5 The mean precipitation from June 1 to July 26 during 1953—2007 in Huaihe River Basin
图 6 2007年6—7月淮河上游流域面雨量与王家坝水位逐日变化
Fig. 6 The area rainfall in the upriver of Huiahe River Basin and the water level change of Wangjia-dam from June to July in 2007
表 1 2007年汛期淮河流域强降水天气过程
Table 1 Main precipitation processes during June 19—July 9, 2007 in the Huaihe River Basin
表 2 淮河流域梅雨期各子流域的累积面雨量分布 (单位: mm)
Table 2 Accumulated area rainfall distribution in the sub-valleys of Huiahe River Basin during the period of Meiyu (unit: mm)
-
[1] 丁一汇. 1991年淮河流域持续性特大暴雨研究.北京:气象出版社, 1993. [2] 陶诗言, 张庆云, 张顺利.1998年长江流域洪涝灾害的气候背景和大尺度环流条件.气候与环境研究, 1998, 3(4): 290-299. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QHYH804.000.htm [3] 矫梅燕, 姚学祥, 周兵. 2003年淮河大水天气分析与研究.北京:气象出版社, 2004. [4] 张顺利, 陶诗言, 张庆云. 1998年夏季中国暴雨洪涝灾害的气象水文特征.应用气象学报, 2001, 12(4):442-457. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20010459&flag=1 [5] 毕宝贵, 矫梅燕, 廖要明. 2003年淮河流域大洪水的雨情、水情特征分析.应用气象学报, 2004, 15(6):681-687. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20040683&flag=1 [6] 矫梅燕, 毕宝贵, 鲍媛媛. 2003年7月3—4日淮河流域特大暴雨的结构及维持机制分析.大气科学, 2006, 30(3) : 475-490. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXK200603010.htm [7] 李峰, 林建, 何立富.西风带系统的异常活动对2004年淮河暴雨的作用机制研究.应用气象学报, 2006, 17(3) : 303-309. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20060354&flag=1 [8] 廖移山, 李武阶, 闵爱荣, 等. "6.29"淮河暴雨过程β-中尺度系统结构特征的数值模拟分析.应用气象学报, 2006, 17 (4): 421-430. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20060472&flag=1 [9] 陶诗言, 张庆云, 张顺利.夏季北太平洋副热带高压系统的活动.气象学报, 2001, 59(6) : 747-758. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXB200106010.htm [10] 金荣花, 矫梅燕, 徐晶. 2003年淮河多雨期西太平洋副热带高压活动特征及其成因分析.热带气象学报, 2006, 22(1): 60-66. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RDQX200601008.htm [11] 刘屹岷, 吴国雄, 刘辉, 等.空间非均匀加热对副热带高压形成和变异的影响Ⅲ:凝结潜热加热与南亚及西太平洋副高.气象学报, 1999, 57(5) : 525-538. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXB199905002.htm [12] 徐海明, 何金海, 周兵.江淮入梅前后大气环流的演变特征和西太平洋副高北跳西伸的可能机制.应用气象学报, 2001, 12 (2): 150-158. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20010221&flag=1 [13] 毕宝贵, 矫梅燕, 李泽椿. 2003年淮河流域洪涝暴雨的气象水文特征分析.南京气象学院学报, 2004, 27(5): 577-586. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NJQX200405001.htm [14] 徐群, 张艳霞.近52年淮河流域的梅雨.应用气象学报, 2007, 18(2): 147-157. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20070227&flag=1 [15] 毕宝贵, 徐晶, 林建.面雨量计算方法及其在海河流域的应用.气象, 2003, 29(8) : 39-42. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX200308009.htm [16] 徐晶, 林建, 姚学祥, 等.七大江河流域面雨量计算方法及应用.气象, 2001, 27(11): 13-16. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX200111003.htm -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 摘要浏览量: 3827
- HTML全文浏览量: 899
- PDF下载量: 1652
- 被引次数: 0
